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OBJECTIVE: To determine the scope of literature regarding the mental health and psychosocial well-being of parents in the NICU. DESIGN: A scoping review within the Arksey and O\u2019Malley framework and the SEM was undertaken to answer, \u201cWhat factors contribute to parent\u2019s mental health in the NICU?\u201d A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PRISMA methodology. RESULTS: Common socioeconomic factors and infant and parent characteristics may place parents at a greater risk for developing distress. History of mental illness, family cohesion, birth trauma, altered parenting role, gestational age, birth weight, and severity of prematurity\/illness emerged as themes. CONCLUSION: Further research is required to provide a standard for the screening and assessment of parents\u2019 mental health and psychosocial well-being during a NICU hospitalization. The experiences of nonbirth parents in the NICU should be explored to examine the effects of the hospitalization on all types of parents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1078390318765205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T07:59:02Z","timestamp":1522051142000},"page":"495-509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Parent Psychological Distress in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Within the Context of the Social Ecological Model: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4351-0639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristy","family":"Loewenstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kristy Loewenstein, MSN, RN-BC, PMHNP-BC, Medical University of South Carolina College of Nursing, Charleston, SC, USA; Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, 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