{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T05:19:59Z","timestamp":1777785599677,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Coprophilia and coprophagia are distinct paraphilias that fall under the category of other specified paraphilic disorders in the current edition of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Coprophilia refers to sexual excitement from viewing, smelling, or handling feces, as well as fantasizing about another person engaging in these activities. Coprophagia, or eating one\u2019s own or another person\u2019s excrement, has also been observed in some patients with coprophilia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>AIMS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purposes of this review are to examine the current literature on the etiology, symptoms, interviewing techniques, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy used for each disorder and to elicit best practice guidelines in the treatment of patients with coprophila and coprophagia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic and hand searches were initiated using CINAHL, EBSCOhost, SAGEpub, and MEDLINE databases between 1990 and 2022 using the terms \u201ccoprophilia,\u201d \u201ccoprophagia,\u201d \u201cparaphilia NOS,\u201d and \u201cother specified paraphilic disorder\u201d restricted to English.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individual case reports and limited studies were found in this literature. Reported treatment protocols included individual and tandem use of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, with mixed outcomes. Future studies are needed to explore the factors that mitigate the paraphilias, therapeutic management, and treatment outcomes, to produce evidence-based practice treatment guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding the psychological and biological factors that may contribute to these disorders\u2019 manifestations may portend a greater understanding and insight into the genesis of the paraphilias. Having specific evidence-based treatment protocols will afford the psychiatric nurse practitioner to render patient-centered, safe, and culturally competent care and effect better patient outcomes among this understudied population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10783903231214265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T01:08:56Z","timestamp":1701738536000},"page":"8-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Coprophilia and Coprophagia: A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3573-4923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline M.","family":"Arnone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jacqueline M. Arnone, PhD, PMHNP-BC, Stockton University, Galloway, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard P.","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Richard P. Conti, PhD, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph H.","family":"Preckajlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph H. Preckajlo, MA, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-3008-4_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","volume-title":"Forensic and medico-legal aspects of sexual crimes and unusual sexual practices","author":"Aggrawal A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aggrawal A. (2009). Forensic and medico-legal aspects of sexual crimes and unusual sexual practices. CRC Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahlers C. J. Schaefer G. A. Mundt I. A. Roll S. Englert H. Willich S. N. Beier K. M. (2011). How unusual are the contents of paraphilias? Paraphilia-associated sexual arousal patterns in a community-based sample of men. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 8(5) 1362\u20131370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01597.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01597.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","volume-title":"A textbook of psychosexual disorders","author":"Allen C.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Allen C. (1969). A textbook of psychosexual disorders (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed. text rev.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-194406000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ata T. Terada S. Yokota O. Ishihara T. Fujisawa Y. Sasaki K. Kuroda S. (2010). Wandering and fecal smearing in people with dementia. International Psychogeriatrics 22(3) 493\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1041610210000086","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610210000086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azizi H. Khan T. Canale C. Kallikkadan J. Leung I. Kahn A. . . .Jolayemi A. (2018). The pathophysiology and management of coprophagia: A report of two cases and literature review. Case Reports in Psychiatry 2018 Article 5157879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/5157879","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5157879"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bacewicz A. Martin K. (2017). Coprophagia in an 8-year-old hospitalized patient: A case report and review of the literature. Case Reports in Psychiatry 2017 Article 6565096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/6565096","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6565096"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker D. J. Valenzuela S. Wieseler N. A. (2005). Naturalistic inquiry and treatment of coprophagia in one individual. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 17(4) 361\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10882-005-6619-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-005-6619-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00e1rtov\u00e1 K. Androvi\u010dov\u00e1 R. Krej\u010dov\u00e1 L. Weiss P. Klapilov\u00e1 K. (2021). The prevalence of paraphilic interests in the Czech population: Preference arousal the use of pornography fantasy and behavior. The Journal of Sex Research 58(1) 86\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499.2019.1707468","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2019.1707468"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baur E. Forsman M. Santtila P. Johansson A. Sandnabba K. L\u00e5ngstr\u00f6m N. (2016). Paraphilic sexual interests and sexually coercive behavior: A population-based twin study. Archives of Sexual Behavior 45(5) 1163\u20131172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-015-0674-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-015-0674-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beck D. A. Frohberg N. R. (2005). Coprophagia in an elderly man: A case report and review of the literature. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 35(4) 417\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2190\/6EWR-M247-4W17-HNK1","DOI":"10.2190\/6EWR-M247-4W17-HNK1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Begg A. H. McDonald C. (1989). Scatolia in elderly people with dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 4 53\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.930040112","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930040112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blasco-Fontecilla H. Garc\u00eda-Nieto R. \u00c1lvarez-Garc\u00eda R. Mata-Iturralde L. Artieda-Urrutia P. Blanco C. Baca-Garc\u00eda E. (2015). Coprophagia in a patient with borderline personality disorder. The European Journal of Psychiatry 29(3) 211\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4321\/S0213-61632015000300005","DOI":"10.4321\/S0213-61632015000300005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briken P. Habermann N. Kafka M. P. Berner W. Hill A. (2006). The paraphilia-related disorders: An investigation of the relevance of the concept in sexual murderers. Journal of Forensic Sciences 51(3) 683\u2013688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2006.00105.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2006.00105.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bugle C. Rubin H. B. (1993). Effects of a nutritional supplement on coprophagia: A study of three cases. Research in Developmental Disabilities 14 445\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.10.1016\/0891-4222(93)90037-K","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-4222(93)90037-K"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byard R. W. (2001). Coprophagic caf\u00e9 coronary. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 22(1) 96\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000433-200103000-00020","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200103000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","volume-title":"Sexuality now: Embracing diversity","author":"Carroll J. L.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carroll J. L. (2007). Sexuality now: Embracing diversity (3rd ed.). Wadsworth.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan H. C. O. (2022). Paraphilic interests: The role of psychosocial factors in a sample of young adults in Hong Kong. Sexuality Research and Social Policy 19(1) 159\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13178-020-00532-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-020-00532-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaturvedi S. K. (1988). Coprophagia in a schizophrenic patient: Case report. Psychopathology 21(1) 31\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000284537","DOI":"10.1159\/000284537"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chong M. S. Nashef L. Siddiqui A. Delamont R. S. (2009). Possession by malign spirits? An organic explanation for bizarre behavior in 2 young women. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 285 242\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-510X(09)70925-6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(09)70925-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119771401.ch1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dawson S. J. Bannerman B. A. Lalumi\u00e8re M. L. (2016). Paraphilic interests: An examination of sex differences in a nonclinical sample. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 28(1) 20\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1079063214525645","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063214525645"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeLisi M. Drury A. J. Caropreso D. Heinrichs T. Tahja K. N. Elbert M. J. (2018). Antisocial personality disorder with or without antecedent conduct disorder: The differences are psychiatric and paraphilic. Criminal Justice and Behavior 45(6) 902\u2013917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0093854818765593","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854818765593"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5040\/9798400661020","volume-title":"Halting the sexual predators among us: Preventing attack, rape, and lust homicide","author":"Dobbert D. L.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dobbert D. L. (2004). Halting the sexual predators among us: Preventing attack, rape, and lust homicide. Praeger."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donnellan C. A. Playfer J. R. (1999). A case of coprophagia presenting with sialadenitis. Age and Ageing 28(2) 233\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/28.2.233","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/28.2.233"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dura J. R. Torsell A. E. Heinzerling R. A. Mulick J. A. (1988). Special oral concerns in people with severe and profound mental retardation. Special Care in Dentistry 8(6) 265\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1754-4505.1988.tb00756.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.1988.tb00756.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eher R. Rettenberger M. Turner D. (2019). The prevalence of mental disorders in incarcerated contact sexual offenders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 139(6) 572\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.13024","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erickson S. L. Gambrell A. D. Fulcher J. Ward M. (2017). Coprophagic asphyxiation in an intellectually disabled woman. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 38(4) 356\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000346","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fonseca J. B. Morgado P. (2017). Coprophagia and entomophagia in a patient with alcohol related dementia. Case Reports in Psychiatry 2017 Article 3109463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/3109463","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3109463"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedin B. D. Johnson H. K. (1979). Treatment of a retarded child\u2019s faeces smearing and coprophagic behaviour. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research 23(1) 55\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1979.tb00853.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1979.tb00853.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","volume-title":"True and false accusations of child sex abuse","author":"Gardner R. A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gardner R. A. (1992). True and false accusations of child sex abuse. Creative Therapeutics."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","volume-title":"Psychotherapy with sex-abuse victims: True, false, and hysterical","author":"Gardner R. A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gardner R. A. (1996). Psychotherapy with sex-abuse victims: True, false, and hysterical. Creative Therapeutics."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghaziuddin N. McDonald C. (1985). A clinical study of adult coprophagics. British Journal of Psychiatry 147 312\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.147.3.312","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.147.3.312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harada K. I. Yamamoto K. Saito T. (2006). Effective treatment of coprophagia in a patient with schizophrenia with the novel atypical antipsychotic drug perospirone. Pharmacopsychiatry 39(3) 113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2006-941487","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-941487"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herg\u00fcner A. Herg\u00fcner S. (2016). Pica in an adolescent with autism spectrum disorder responsive to aripiprazole. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 26(1) 80\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cap.2015.0184","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2015.0184"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hingsburger D. (1989). Motives for coprophilia: Working with individuals who had been institutionalized with developmental handicaps. Journal of Sex Research 26(1) 139\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224498909551498","DOI":"10.1080\/00224498909551498"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1974.03230510056026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ing A. D. Roane H. S. Veenstra R. A. (2011). Functional analysis and treatment of coprophagia. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 44(1) 151\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1901\/jaba.2011.44-151","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.2011.44-151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS16181J","article-title":"Malingering uncommon psychiatric symptoms among charged under California\u2019s \u201cThree Strikes and You\u2019re Out\u201d law","volume":"43","author":"Jaffe M. E.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jaffe M. E., Sharma K. K. (1998). Malingering uncommon psychiatric symptoms among charged under California\u2019s \u201cThree Strikes and You\u2019re Out\u201d law. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 43, 549\u2013555.","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","volume-title":"The Janus report on sexual behavior","author":"Janus S. S.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Janus S. S., Janus C. L. (1993). The Janus report on sexual behavior. Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Josephs K. A. Whitwell J. L. Parisi J. E. Lapid M. I. (2016). Coprophagia in neurologic disorders. Journal of Neurology 263(5) 1008\u20131014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-016-8096-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8096-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joyal C. C. Carpentier J. (2017). The prevalence of paraphilic interests and behaviors in the general population: A provincial survey. Journal of Sex Research 54(2) 161\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499.2016.1139034","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2016.1139034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","unstructured":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 B. K\u00fclt\u00fcr E. \u00c7. (2019). A rare pica behavior in a male adolescent with autism spectrum disorder and moderate intellectual disability: Coprophagia. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology 29 159\u2013160."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kafka M. P. (2010). The DSM diagnostic criteria for paraphilia not otherwise specified. Archives of Sexual Behavior 39(2) 373\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10-508-009-9552-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-009-9552-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","unstructured":"Karpman B. (1948). Coprophilia: A collective review. Psychoanalytic Review 35 253\u2013272."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","volume-title":"A text-book on mental diseases for the use of students and practitioners of medicine","author":"Kellogg T. H.","year":"1897","unstructured":"Kellogg T. H. (1897). A text-book on mental diseases for the use of students and practitioners of medicine. William Wood."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","volume-title":"Psychopathia sexualis","author":"Krafft-Ebing R. V.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Krafft-Ebing R. V. (1999). Psychopathia sexualis. Bloat. (Original work published 1903)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krueger R. B. (2010). The DSM diagnostic criteria for sexual sadism. Archives of Sexual Behavior 39(2) 325\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-009-9586-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-009-9586-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107906328900200104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","volume-title":"Relapse prevention with sex offenders","author":"Laws P. R.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Laws P. R. (Ed.). (1989). Relapse prevention with sex offenders. Guilford."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee S. C. Hanson R. K. Calkins C. Jeglic E. (2020). Paraphilia and antisociality: Motivations for sexual offending may differ for American Whites and Blacks. Sexual Abuse: Journal of Research and Treatment 32(3) 335\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1079063219828779","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063219828779"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leung A. K. Hon K. L. (2019). Pica: A common condition that is commonly missed-an update review. Current Pediatric Reviews 15(3) 164\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1573396315666190313163530","DOI":"10.2174\/1573396315666190313163530"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lingeswaran A. Vijayakumar V. Dinesh J. (2009). Entomophagy and coprophagy in undifferentiated schizophrenia. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 31(1) 52\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0253-7176.53318","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.53318"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","volume-title":"Sexual deviations","author":"London L. S.","year":"1950","unstructured":"London L. S., Caprio F. S. (1950). Sexual deviations. Linacre Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lyketsos G. C. Palerakis P. Beis A. Lyketsos C. G. (1985). Eating disorders in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 146 255\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.146.3.255","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.146.3.255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makanjuola A. B. Adegunloye O. A. Adelekan M. L. (2008). Disorders of sexual preference among secondary school teachers in Ilorin Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry 6(1) 26\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.10.4314\/njpsyc.v6i1.39907","DOI":"10.4314\/njpsyc.v6i1.39907"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marlowe W. B. Mancall E. L. Thomas T. J. (1975). Complete Kluver-Bucy syndrome in man. Cortex 11(1) 53\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0010-9452(75)80020-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(75)80020-7"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1177\/104012371002200208","article-title":"Paraphilias in adult psychiatric inpatients","volume":"22","author":"Marsh P. J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marsh P. J., Odlaug B. L., Thomarios N., Davis A. A., Buchanan S. N., Meyer C. S., Grant J. E. (2010). Paraphilias in adult psychiatric inpatients. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 22(2), 129\u2013134.","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","volume-title":"Human sexuality","author":"McCary J. L.","year":"1967","unstructured":"McCary J. L. (1967). Human sexuality. Van Nostrand Reinhold."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendhekar D. Duggal H. (2005). Sertraline for Kl\u00fcver-Bucy syndrome in an adolescent. European Psychiatry 20(4) 355\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2005.04.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2005.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","volume-title":"Lovemaps","author":"Money J.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Money J. (1986). Lovemaps. Irvington."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","volume-title":"The lovemap guidebook: A definitive statement","author":"Money J.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Money J. (1999). The lovemap guidebook: A definitive statement. Continuum."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","volume-title":"Vandalized lovemaps: Paraphilic outcome of seven cases in pediatric sexology","author":"Money J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Money J., Lamacz M. (1989). Vandalized lovemaps: Paraphilic outcome of seven cases in pediatric sexology. Prometheus Books."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore A. M. (2018). Coprophagy in nineteenth-century psychiatry. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 29(2) Article 1535737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16512235.2018.1535737","DOI":"10.1080\/16512235.2018.1535737"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moser C. (1992). Lust lack of desire and paraphilias: Some thoughts and possible connections. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 18(1) 65\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00926239208404359","DOI":"10.1080\/00926239208404359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moser C. Kleinplatz P. J. (2020). Conceptualization history and future of the paraphilias. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 16 379\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095548","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moser C. Levitt E. E. (1987). An exploratory-descriptive study of a sadomasochistically oriented sample. Journal of Sex Research 23(3) 322\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224498709551370","DOI":"10.1080\/00224498709551370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicholls K. R. Ananthanarayanan T. S. (1998). Coprophagia in association with depression and hypothyroidism. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 15(2) 68\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0790966700003578","DOI":"10.1017\/S0790966700003578"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nissen T. Haggag A. (1987). Coprophagic behaviour in major affective disorder: A case report. Nordisk Psykiatrisk Tidsskrift 41(3) 219\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08039488709103180","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488709103180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118877142.ch25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pardini M. Guida S. Gialloreti L. E. (2010). Aripiprazole treatment for coprophagia in autistic disorder. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 22(4) 451\u2013451.e33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/jnp.2010.22.4.451.e33","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2010.22.4.451.e33"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_1","volume-title":"Human sexuality in a world of diversity","author":"Rathus S. A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rathus S. A., Nevid J. S., Fichner-Rathus L. (2000). Human sexuality in a world of diversity (4th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.","edition":"4"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_77_1","first-page":"888","article-title":"Schizophrenia and consuming body waste","volume":"32","author":"Razali S. M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Razali S. M. (1998). Schizophrenia and consuming body waste. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 32(6), 888\u2013890.","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehor J. E. (2015). Sensual erotic and sexual behaviors of women from the \u201ckink\u201d community. Archives of Sexual Behavior 44(4) 825\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-015-0524-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-015-0524-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ressler R. K. Burgess A. W. Hartman C. R. Douglas J. E. McCormack A. (1986). Murderers who rape and mutilate. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 1(3) 273\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/088626086001003002","DOI":"10.1177\/088626086001003002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandnabba N. K. Santtila P. Nordling N. (1999). Sexual behavior and social adaptation among sadomasochistically-oriented males. Journal of Sex Research 36(3) 273\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499909551997","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499909551997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandnabba N. K. Santtila P. Nordling N. Beetz A. M. Alison L. (2002). Characteristics of a sample of sadomasochistically-oriented males with recent experience of sexual contact with animals. Deviant Behavior 23 511\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01639620290086503","DOI":"10.1080\/01639620290086503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_1","volume-title":"Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","author":"Shapiro A. K.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Shapiro A. K., Shapiro E. S., Young J. G., Feinberg T. E. (1988). Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Raven Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_83_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Coprophagia in geriatric patients with cognitive impairment","volume":"7","author":"Sharma T.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sharma T. (2012). Coprophagia in geriatric patients with cognitive impairment. The Resident\u2019s Journal, 7(3), 11\u201312.","journal-title":"The Resident\u2019s Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma T. R. Aly M. Kavuru B. (2011). Coprophagia and pica in individuals with mild to moderate dementia and mixed (iron deficiency and macrocytic) anemia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 59(12) 2375\u20132377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03703.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03703.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-6826-1_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith R. S. (1976). Voyeurism: A review of literature. Archives of Sexual Behavior 5(6) 585\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01541221","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stewart J. T. (1995). Treatment of coprophagia with carbamazepine. American Journal of Psychiatry 152(2) 295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.152.2.295a","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.2.295a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_1","volume-title":"Psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in evidenced-based practice","author":"Townsend M. C.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Townsend M. C., Morgan K. I. (2018). Psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in evidenced-based practice (9th ed.). F. A. Davis.","edition":"9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_1","unstructured":"Tsoucalas G. Sgantzos M. Gatos K. (2016). Coprophilia-faeces lust in the forms of coprophagia coprospheres scatolia and plasterering in dementia patients our thoughts and experience. International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences 1(3) 45\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11648\/jijpbs.20160103.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varadarajulu R. Mahgoub Y. (2021). Coprophagia as an unusual presentation of catatonia. The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders 23(3) Article 20l02791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/PCC.20l02791","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.20l02791"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/9780826193896"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wise T. N. Goldberg R. L. (1995). Escalation of a fetish: Coprophagia in a nonpsychotic adult of normal intelligence. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 21(4) 272\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00926239508414647","DOI":"10.1080\/00926239508414647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.). https:\/\/icd.who.int\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xavier C. M. (1955). Coprophilia\u2014A clinical study. British Journal of Medical Psychology 28(2-3) 188\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1955.tb00893.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1955.tb00893.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yakeley J. Wood H. (2014). Paraphilias and paraphilic disorders: Diagnosis assessment and management. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 20(3) 202\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/apt.bp.113.011197","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.bp.113.011197"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeitlin S. B. Polivy J. (1995). Coprophagia as a manifestation of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A case report. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 26(1) 57\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7916(94)00065-T","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)00065-T"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10783903231214265","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10783903231214265","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10783903231214265","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:44:30Z","timestamp":1777491870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10783903231214265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10783903231214265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10783903231214265","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-3903","1532-5725"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-3903","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-5725","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]}}}