{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T12:54:47Z","timestamp":1785761687016,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Restrictive laws still impede nurse practitioners (NPs) from realizing the full scope of their training and education in too many states. While practice laws vary from state to state, working in states with restricted practice policies creates a multitude of barriers for patients seeking accessible, high-quality mental health care, especially in rural areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One psychiatric mental health NP describes the multiple obstacles she faced in attempting to provide much-needed care to the perinatal mental health community in her state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review highlights evidence that supports full practice authority, showing improved patient access to high-quality care combined with anecdotal support describing the barriers faced by one clinician.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Her journey directly speaks to harsh realities imposed by collaborative physician mandates and the urgent need for nurse practitioner independent practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10783903251381365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T11:48:41Z","timestamp":1759664921000},"page":"223-228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Untapped Solution to the Mental Health Crisis: Independent Practice for NPs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5468-5403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily Fowler","family":"Bemben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emily Fowler Bemben, DNP, MSN, APRN, PMHNP-BC, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexander D. Schnell M. (2019). Just what the nurse practitioner ordered: Independent prescriptive authority and population mental health. Journal of Health Economics 66 145\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2019.04.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2019.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","unstructured":"American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (2025). State practice environment. https:\/\/www.aanp.org\/advocacy\/state\/state-practice-environment"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnett M. Balkissoon C. Sandhu J. (2022). The level of quality care nurse practitioners provide compared with their physician colleagues in the primary care setting: A systematic review. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners 34(3) 457\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JXX.0000000000000660","DOI":"10.1097\/JXX.0000000000000660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Htay M. Whitehead D. (2021). The effectiveness of the role of advanced nurse practitioners compared to physician-led or usual care: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances 3 Article 100034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2021.100034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2021.100034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","volume-title":"The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2011","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine. (2011). The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health. National Academies Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kandrack R. Barnes H. Martsolf G. R. (2021). Nurse practitioner scope of practice regulations and nurse practitioner supply. Medical Care Research and Review 78(3) 208\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077558719888424","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558719888424"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuehn B. M. (2022). Clinician shortage exacerbates pandemic-fueled \u201cmental health crisis.\u201d Journal of the American Medical Association 327(22) 2179\u20132181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.8661","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.8661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McMichael B. J. Markowitz S. (2023). Toward a uniform classification of nurse practitioner scope of practice laws. Medical Care Research and Review 80(4) 444\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10775587221126777","DOI":"10.1177\/10775587221126777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meltzer-Brody S. Rubinow D. (2021). An overview of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders: Epidemiology and etiology. In Cox E. (Ed.) Women\u2019s mood disorders (pp. 5\u201316). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-71497-0_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-71497-0_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","unstructured":"Michigan Legislature. (2025). House Bill 4399 of 2025. https:\/\/www.legislature.mi.gov\/Bills\/Bill?ObjectName=2025-HB-4399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","unstructured":"Perinatal Mental Health Services and Policy Program. (2024). State profiles. University of Michigan Medical School. https:\/\/medresearch.umich.edu\/labs-departments\/centers\/perinatal-mental-health\/research\/state-profiles"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","unstructured":"Phillips L. Cordray J. Mendoza K. Dorn-Medeiros C. (2023 May). A closer look at the mental health provider shortage. www.counseling.org. https:\/\/www.counseling.org\/publications\/counseling-today-magazine\/article-archive\/article\/legacy\/a-closer-look-at-the-mental-health-provider-shortage"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudner N. Kung Y. M. (2017). An assessment of physician supervision of nurse practitioners. 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