{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T19:48:18Z","timestamp":1783021698284,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Creative Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study conducted at the Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India aimed to assess the occurrence of and risk factors for phlebitis with use of peripheral intravenous cannulas (PIVCs) among postoperative patients.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods and Materials:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A prospective cohort study design involved a purposive sample of 330 postoperative patients aged 18 or older with peripheral intravenous cannula-associated phlebitis (PICP) who were admitted to the male and female surgical wards. Data collected included patient demographics, medical diagnoses, admission details, and PICP characteristics. Observations using the visual infusion phlebitis (VIP) scale were conducted at 96-hr intervals to monitor PICP complications.\n                    <jats:bold>Result:<\/jats:bold>\n                    There was a suggestive association between PICP scores and cannula indwelling time, dressing material, and the presence of HIV\/AIDS. Findings suggest that patients with compromised immune systems require specialized care strategies to minimize complications associated with the use of PICPs.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The results of this study could enhance nurses\u2019 preparedness to prevent and to promptly treat PICPs, reducing costs and patient discomfort by identifying complications and risk factors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10784535251352109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T06:41:44Z","timestamp":1751265704000},"page":"122-130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluating the Occurrence of Phlebitis With Use of Peripheral Intravenous Cannulas and Its Associated Risk Factors in Postoperative Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4284-1137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhanu","family":"Priya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, SUM Nursing College, Siksha \u2018O\u2019 Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4192-8917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Konda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, SUM Nursing College, Siksha \u2018O\u2019 Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7488-6233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashmimala","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, SUM Nursing College, Siksha \u2018O\u2019 Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2022-111962"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129804-200611000-00004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00129804-200701000-00004","article-title":"Infusion therapy standards of practice, 8th edition","volume":"44","author":"Gorski L. A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gorski L. A., Hadaway L., Hagle M. E., Broadhurst D., Clare S., Kleidon T., Meyer B. M., Nickel B., Rowley S., Sharpe E., Alexander M. (2021). Infusion therapy standards of practice, 8th edition. Journal of Infusion Nursing: The Official Publication of the Infusion Nurses Society, 44(1S Suppl 1), S1\u2013S224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000396","journal-title":"Journal of Infusion Nursing: The Official Publication of the Infusion Nurses Society"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","first-page":"611","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of phlebitis secondary to the insertion of a peripheral venous catheter: A scoping review from a nursing perspective","volume":"9","author":"Guanche-Sicilia A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guanche-Sicilia A., S\u00e1nchez-G\u00f3mez M. B., Castro-Peraza M. E., Rodr\u00edguez-G\u00f3mez J\u00c1, G\u00f3mez-Salgado J., Duarte-Cl\u00edments G. (2021). Prevention and treatment of phlebitis secondary to the insertion of a peripheral venous catheter: A scoping review from a nursing perspective. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 9(5), 611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare9050611","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","article-title":"Infection control\u2013a battle in vein: Infusion phlebitis","volume":"94","author":"Jackson A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jackson A. (1998). Infection control\u2013a battle in vein: Infusion phlebitis. Nursing Times, 94(4), 68, 71. PMID: 9510815.","journal-title":"Nursing Times"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","article-title":"Prevelance and risk factors of phlebitis among adult patients","volume":"8","author":"Joshi H.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Joshi H., Chauhan D. V., Sharma M. R. K. (2021). Prevelance and risk factors of phlebitis among adult patients. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 8(8), c642\u2013c647. ISSN-2349-5162. https:\/\/www.jetir.org\/papers\/JETIR2108332.pdf","journal-title":"Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.965706"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31668-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-021-00301-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_559_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24321\/2348.2141.202202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","volume-title":"Crossing the global quality chasm: Improving health care worldwide","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Health Care Services, Board on Global Health, & Committee on Improving the Quality of Health Care Globally","year":"2018","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Health Care Services, Board on Global Health, & Committee on Improving the Quality of Health Care Globally. (2018). Crossing the global quality chasm: Improving health care worldwide. National Academies Press (US). http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK535653\/"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","article-title":"(2011). guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections","volume":"39","author":"O\u2019Grady N. P.","year":"2011","unstructured":"O\u2019Grady N. P., Alexander M., Burns L. A., Dellinger E. P., Garland J., Heard S. O., Lipsett P. A., Masur H., Mermel L. A., Pearson M. L., Raad I. I., Randolph A. G., Weinstein R. A. (2011). (2011). guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. 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