{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:44:22Z","timestamp":1785307462441,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]],"date-time":"2013-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined the use of risk-change information in sexual offender risk assessments featuring the Violence Risk Scale\u2013Sexual Offender version (VRS-SO), a sex offender risk assessment and treatment planning tool. The study featured a combined international sample of 539 sex offenders followed up an average of 15.5 years post-release. Pre- and posttreatment VRS-SO ratings were amalgamated from two treated samples of sex offenders from Canada and New Zealand. Analyses focused on examinations and applications of change data and its relationship to sexual and violent recidivism. VRS-SO change scores were significantly associated with decreases in these outcome criteria with, and without, controlling for indicators of pretreatment risk (e.g., Static-99R score) and individual differences in follow-up time. Applications of logistic regression using fixed 5-year follow-ups generated estimated rates of sexual and violent recidivism at different VRS-SO score thresholds. The use of logistic regression demonstrated a clinically useful and systematic means of combining risk and change information into posttreatment risk appraisals. Implications for the use of change information in the assessment and management of sexual offender risk are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063213502679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]],"date-time":"2013-10-02T21:19:13Z","timestamp":1380748753000},"page":"472-499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Incorporating Change Information Into Sexual Offender Risk Assessments Using the Violence Risk Scale\u2013Sexual Offender Version"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Olver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Beggs Christofferson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Corrections, Wellington, New Zealand"},{"name":"University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randolph C.","family":"Grace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen C. P.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada"},{"name":"University of Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","volume-title":"The psychology of criminal conduct, fifth edition","author":"Andrews D. A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andrews D. A., Bonta J. (2010). The psychology of criminal conduct, fifth edition. New Providence, NJ: LexisNexis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063210369014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022900"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009385402236735"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8971.11.3.347"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470970270.ch10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"The prediction of recidivism among young offenders in Saskatchewan","volume":"5","author":"Gossner D.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gossner D., Wormith J. S. (2007). The prediction of recidivism among young offenders in Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Police & Security Services, 5, 70-82.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Police & Security Services"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063212469060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854809338545"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","volume-title":"Assessing the risk of sex offenders on community supervision","author":"Hanson R. K.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hanson R. K., Harris A. J. R., Scott T., Helmus L. (2007). Assessing the risk of sex offenders on community supervision (User Report No. 2007-05). Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10979-009-9180-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14999013.2012.667511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","volume-title":"Static 99: Improving actuarial risk assessments for sex offenders","author":"Hanson R. K.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hanson R. K., Thornton D. (1999). Static 99: Improving actuarial risk assessments for sex offenders (User Report 99-02). Ottawa, Ontario: Department of the Solicitor General of Canada."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854893020004001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854812443648"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063211409951"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107906320201400203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13552601003802238"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830160065009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854810391054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","volume-title":"Assessing treatment change in sexual offenders","author":"Nunes K. L.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nunes K. L., Cortoni F. (2007). Assessing treatment change in sexual offenders (Research Report 2008 No R-184). Ottawa, Ontario: Correctional Service of Canada."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11194-006-9006-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854810389534"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.19.3.318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.47.9.1102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10979-005-6832-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10979-006-9022-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick B. G.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tabachnick B. G., Fidell L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","volume-title":"Interpreting SRA-FV total need scores","author":"Thornton D.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thornton D. (2011, November). Interpreting SRA-FV total need scores. Paper presented at the 30th annual meeting of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854809340991"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1068316X.2011.626413"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8971.12.3.279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","volume-title":"The Violence Risk Scale: Sexual Offender version (VRS-SO)","author":"Wong S. C. P.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wong S. C. P., Olver M. E., Nicholaichuk T. P., Gordon A. (2003). The Violence Risk Scale: Sexual Offender version (VRS-SO). Saskatoon: Regional Psychiatric Centre and University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada."}],"container-title":["Sexual Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1079063213502679","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1079063213502679","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1079063213502679","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:36:44Z","timestamp":1777689404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1079063213502679"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1079063213502679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1079063213502679","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-0632","1573-286X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-0632","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-286X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]]}}}