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Compared with males in the general population, sex offenders had more than 3 times the odds of child sexual abuse (CSA), nearly twice the odds of physical abuse, 13 times the odds of verbal abuse, and more than 4 times the odds of emotional neglect and coming from a broken home. Less than 16% endorsed zero ACEs and nearly half endorsed four or more. Multiple maltreatments often co-occurred with other types of household dysfunction, suggesting that many sex offenders were raised within a disordered social environment. Higher ACE scores were associated with higher risk scores. By enhancing our understanding of the frequency and correlates of early adverse experiences, we can better devise trauma-informed interventions that respond to the clinical needs of sex offender clients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063214535819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,29]],"date-time":"2014-05-29T03:02:13Z","timestamp":1401332533000},"page":"340-359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":249,"title":["Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Lives of Male Sex Offenders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jill S.","family":"Levenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lynn University, Boca Raton, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwenda M.","family":"Willis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Prescott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Becket Family of Services, Falmouth, ME, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1079063214535819","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr2-1079063214535819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr3-1079063214535819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.03.015"},{"key":"bibr4-1079063214535819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0624-4"},{"key":"bibr5-1079063214535819","volume-title":"The psychology of criminal conduct","author":"Andrews D. 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