{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:30:04Z","timestamp":1792272604192,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]],"date-time":"2015-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427241600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Empirical actuarial risk tools are routinely used to assess the recidivism risk of adult sexual offenders. Compared with other forms of risk assessment, one advantage of actuarial risk tools is that they provide recidivism rate estimates. Previous research, however, suggests that there is considerable variability in the recidivism rates associated with the most commonly used sexual offender risk assessment tools (Static-99\/R, Static-2002\/R). The current study examined the extent to which the variability in the recidivism rates across 21 Static-99R studies (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 8,805) corresponded to the normative groups proposed by the STATIC development group (routine, treatment, high risk\/high need). We found strong evidence that routine (i.e., complete) samples were, on average, less likely to reoffend with a sexual offense than offenders in the high-risk\/high-need samples (i.e., those explicitly preselected on risk-relevant variables external to STATIC scales). The differences between routine\/complete and high-risk\/high-need samples, however, were only consistently observed for offenders with low or moderate scores; for offenders with high STATIC scores, the 5-year sexual recidivism rates for these two groups were not meaningfully different. There was only limited evidence to support treatment samples as a distinct sample type; consequently, the use of separate normative tables for treatment samples is not recommended. The current results reinforce the value of regularly updating the norms for empirical actuarial risk tools. Options are discussed on how STATIC scores could be used to inform recidivism rates estimates in applied assessments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063215574710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]],"date-time":"2015-03-26T03:49:32Z","timestamp":1427341772000},"page":"218-252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["What Sexual Recidivism Rates Are Associated With Static-99R and Static-2002R Scores?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"R. Karl","family":"Hanson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Safety Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sand Ridge Secure Treatment Center, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie-Maaike","family":"Helmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Safety Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Babchishin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Safety Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Applicability of the new Static-99 experience tables in sexually violent predator risk assessments","volume":"4","author":"Abbott B. 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(2013). The utility of assessing \u201cexternal risk factors\u201d when selecting Static-99R reference groups. Open Access Journal of Forensic Psychology, 5, 89-118.","journal-title":"Open Access Journal of Forensic Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011000005285875"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11194-007-9052-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412984195"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191112458312"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X03253850"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10683160701483104"},{"issue":"09","key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","article-title":"La pr\u00e9diction de la r\u00e9cidive chez les d\u00e9linquants sexuels","volume":"68","author":"*Bigras J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"*Bigras J. (2007). 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