{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:24:33Z","timestamp":1792290273210,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]],"date-time":"2015-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Establishing a model of sexual assault reflecting psychosocial and behavioral characteristics of perpetrators of sexual killing and rape is necessary for development in risk assessment and intervention. Methodological variations in defining sexual killing have amalgamated serial and non-serial offenders and perpetrators with direct and indirect associations between killing and sexual arousal. This study defined sexual killing specifying that killing should be directly linked to sexual arousal, and sampled 48 sexual killers, operationalized to include only those engaging in post-mortem sexual interference, with one or two known female victims (non-serial), from prison service national (England and Wales) databases. These sexual killers were compared with 48 non-homicide, life or indeterminately sentenced sexual aggressors on psychological and crime scene characteristics. Contrary to previous research, fatal outcomes were associated with neither stranger victims nor weapon presence; sexual killing was characterized by severity of violence less so than non-fatal assault. Sexual killers more often reported problems with emotional loneliness, empathic concern, and sexual entitlement than the sexual aggressors. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063215609935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]],"date-time":"2015-10-14T21:48:12Z","timestamp":1444859292000},"page":"479-499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Toward Identification of the Sexual Killer: A Comparison of Sexual Killers Engaging in Post-Mortem Sexual Interference and Non-Homicide Sexual Aggressors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Tamsin","family":"Higgs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Offender Management Service, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa B.","family":"Stefanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Glorney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Holloway, University of London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X01451002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X12456682"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.27.4.470"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X02464002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260505278712"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260506294242"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","first-page":"100","volume-title":"Sexual murderers: A comparative analysis and new perspectives","author":"Campos E.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Campos E., Cusson M. (2007). Serial killers and sexual murderers. In Proulx J., Beauregard E., Cusson M., Nicole A. (Eds.), Sexual murderers: A comparative analysis and new perspectives (pp. 100-105). Chichester, UK: John Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(86)90074-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10683160802621933"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118674352.ch16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","first-page":"167","volume-title":"Sexual Homicide and Paraphilias: The Correctional Service of Canada\u2019s Experts Forum 2007","author":"Carter A. J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carter A. J., Mann R. E., Wakeling H. C. (2008). Sexual killers and post mortem sexual interference offenders: Assessment, treatment and risk management. In Harris A. J. R., Pag\u00e9 C. A. (Eds.), Sexual Homicide and Paraphilias: The Correctional Service of Canada\u2019s Experts Forum 2007 (pp. 167-212). Ottawa, Ontario: Correctional Service of Canada."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838008326478"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","first-page":"72","volume-title":"Sexual murderers: A comparative analysis and new perspectives","author":"Ch\u00e9n\u00e9 S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ch\u00e9n\u00e9 S., Cusson M. (2007). Sexual murderers and sexual aggressors: Intention and situation. In Proulx J., Beauregard E., Cusson M., Nicole A. (Eds.), Sexual murderers: A comparative analysis and new perspectives (pp. 72-86). Chichester, UK: John Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452224954.n22"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"A multi-dimensional approach to individual differences in empathy","volume":"10","author":"Davis M. H.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Davis M. H. (1980). A multi-dimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85-100.","journal-title":"JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.43.7.1247-1255"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Sexual murderers: A comparative analysis and new perspectives","author":"Fisher D.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fisher D., Beech A. R. (2007). Identification of motivations for sexual murder. In Proulx J., Beauregard E., Cusson M., Nicole A. (Eds.), Sexual murderers: A comparative analysis and new perspectives (pp. 175-190). Chichester, UK: John Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X00446009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","volume-title":"Sex Offenders: An Analysis of Types","author":"Gebhard P.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Gebhard P., Gagnon J., Pomeroy W., Christensen C. (1965). Sex Offenders: An Analysis of Types. New York, NY: Harper & Row."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.165.5.624"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854894021002001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014624315814"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X12437536"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260512447570"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.48.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2014.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2012.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0915-2_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2011.01933.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.581"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X03253848"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107906328800100206"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.1974.10119988"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-0466-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62300-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2010.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0915-2_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(99)00006-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07488820902960105"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025095927047"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Sexual murderers: A comparative analysis and new perspectives","author":"Nicole A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nicole A., Proulx J. (2007). Sexual murderers and sexual aggressors: Developmental paths and criminal history. In Proulx J., Beauregard E., Cusson M., Nicole A. (Eds.), Sexual murderers: A comparative analysis and new perspectives (pp. 29-50). Chichester, UK: John Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","unstructured":"Offending Behavior Programmes Unit. (1995a). Rape Myths Scale. Unpublished manuscript National Offender Management Service Ministry of Justice London England."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","unstructured":"Offending Behavior Programmes Unit. (1995b). Women Are Deceitful Scale. Unpublished manuscript National Offender Management Service Ministry of Justice London England."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X06289157"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7139.1236"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Sexual murderers: A comparative analysis and new perspectives","author":"Proulx J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Proulx J., Cusson M., Beauregard E. (2007). Sexual murder: Definitions, epidemiology and theories. In Proulx J., Beauregard E., Cusson M., Nicole A. (Eds.), Sexual murderers: A comparative analysis and new perspectives (pp. 9-28). Chichester, UK: John Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Sexual murderers: A comparative analysis and new perspectives","author":"Proulx J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Proulx J., Sauv\u00eatre N. (2007). Sexual murderers and sexual aggressors: Psychopathological considerations. In Proulx J., Beauregard E., Cusson M., Nicole A. (Eds.), Sexual murderers: A comparative analysis and new perspectives (pp. 51-69). Chichester, UK: John Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","unstructured":"Rallings M. Webster S. D. (2001). The psychometric properties of the HMPS SOTP Psychometric Battery. Unpublished manuscript."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","volume-title":"Sexual homicide: Patterns and motives","author":"Ressler R. K.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ressler R. K., Burgess A. W., Douglas J. E. (1988). Sexual homicide: Patterns and motives. New York, NY: The Free Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.39.3.472"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10683160500036871"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2006.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-0466-8_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2015.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","volume-title":"The problems and needs of newly sentenced prisoners: Results from a national survey","author":"Stewart D.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stewart D. (2008). The problems and needs of newly sentenced prisoners: Results from a national survey. London, England: Ministry of Justice."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Sexual murderers: A comparative analysis and new perspectives","author":"Tardif M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tardif M., Dassylva B., Nicole A. (2007). Psychotherapeutic and psychodynamic issues with sexual murderers. In Proulx J., Beauregard E., Cusson M., Nicole A. (Eds.), Sexual murderers: A comparative analysis and new perspectives (pp. 213-228). Chichester, UK: John Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","unstructured":"Thornton D. (2007). Scoring guide for risk matrix 2000.9\/SVC: February 2007 Version. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.birmingham.ac.uk\/Documents\/college-les\/psych\/RM2000scoringinstructions.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854808320268"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13552600.2010.495422"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1068316X.2011.626413"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/135532506X114347"}],"container-title":["Sexual Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1079063215609935","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1079063215609935","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1079063215609935","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:37:20Z","timestamp":1777689440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1079063215609935"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1079063215609935"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1079063215609935","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-0632","1573-286X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-0632","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-286X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]]}}}