{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:54:05Z","timestamp":1793228045460,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]],"date-time":"2017-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article, I describe the motivation-facilitation model of sexual offending, which identifies the traits of paraphilia, high sex drive, and intense mating effort as primary motivations for sexual offenses, as well as trait (e.g., antisocial personality) and state (e.g., intoxication) factors that can facilitate acting on these motivations when opportunities exist. Originally developed to explain contact sexual offending against children, the motivation-facilitation model was subsequently extended as an explanation for child pornography offending and for online solicitations of young adolescents. Here, I argue it has the potential to be expanded to explain other forms of sexual offending, including sexual assaults of adults and noncontact offenses involving exhibitionism or voyeurism. In this review, I critically examine the evidence for and against the model, discuss its limitations, and identify critical gaps for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063217720919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]],"date-time":"2017-07-20T12:07:23Z","timestamp":1500552443000},"page":"3-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":302,"title":["The Motivation-Facilitation Model of Sexual Offending"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Seto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, Brockville, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.5.747"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(03)00011-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107906320001200403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0270-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(83)90005-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854894021001007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","volume-title":"Against our will: Men, women and rape","author":"Brownmiller S.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Brownmiller S. (1975). Against our will: Men, women and rape. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11930-016-0076-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-016-0895-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","volume-title":"Advances in Criminology: Vol. 5. Routine activity and rational choice","author":"Clarke R. V. G.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Clarke R. V. G., Felson M. (Eds.). (1993). Advances in Criminology: Vol. 5. Routine activity and rational choice. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009562312658"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.105.3.374"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063214525645"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490509552267"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10492-015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854810382003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(80)90045-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","volume-title":"Child sexual abuse: New theory and research","author":"Finkelhor D.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Finkelhor D. (1984). Child sexual abuse: New theory and research. New York, NY: Free Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559504271287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503621794"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.114.2.304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-6078-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J291v01n01_08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854809338545"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.2.348"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854800027001002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","volume-title":"Assessing the risk of sexual offenders on community supervision: The Dynamic Supervision Project","author":"Hanson R. K.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hanson R. K., Harris A. J. R., Scott T. L., Helmus L. (2007). Assessing the risk of sexual offenders on community supervision: The Dynamic Supervision Project (Research report, Vol. 5(6)). Ottawa, Ontario: Public Safety Canada."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.6.1154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Revised Psychopathy Checklist","author":"Hare R. D.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hare R. D. (2003). Manual for the Revised Psychopathy Checklist. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Multi-Health Systems."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.5.710"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-012-9940-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063216681560"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmes W. C. Slap G. B. (1998). Sexual abuse of boys: Definition prevalence correlates sequelae and management. Journal of the American Medical Association 280 1855-1862. doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.280.21.1855","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.21.1855"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-015-0503-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063213482842"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024507922470"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-009-9574-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10720162.2013.768131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00993889"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-016-0809-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10961-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(96)00059-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063213504594"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.50.5.953"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012278805-5\/50010-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Sexual aggression: Issues in etiology, assessment, and treatment","author":"Malamuth N. M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Malamuth N. M., Heavey C., Linz D. (1993). Predicting men\u2019s antisocial behavior against women: The interaction model of sexual aggression. In Hall G. C. N., Hirschman R., Graham J., Zaragoza M. (Eds.), Sexual aggression: Issues in etiology, assessment, and treatment (pp. 63-97). New York, NY: Hemisphere."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.69.2.353"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063210366039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(09)80005-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40163-015-0031-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224498809551479"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009536200242"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118303092.ch24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1411131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/11639-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-011-9882-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/14191-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-016-0799-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(95)00033-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/lhb0000128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019700"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028714"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13552600903572396"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.60.6.870"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_1","volume-title":"Sexual assault of young children as reported to law enforcement: Victim, incident, and offender characteristics","author":"Snyder H. N.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Snyder H. N. (2000). Sexual assault of young children as reported to law enforcement: Victim, incident, and offender characteristics (Research report, NCJ 182990). Washington, DC: Department of Justice."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_1","volume-title":"Hebephilic sexual interests among sexual offenders","author":"Stephens S. M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stephens S. M. (2015). Hebephilic sexual interests among sexual offenders. Doctoral dissertation, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/11708-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(02)00204-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2003.64.756"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622971003671628"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_1","volume-title":"Theories of sexual offending","author":"Ward T.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ward T., Polaschek D., Beech A. R. (2006). Theories of sexual offending. Chicester, England: John Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.3357"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-009-9591-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2016). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (10th revision). Retrieved from https:\/\/apps.who.int\/classifications\/icd10\/browse\/2016\/en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_1","volume-title":"Situational prevention of child sexual abuse","author":"Wortley R.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wortley R., Smallbone S. (2006). Situational prevention of child sexual abuse. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(84)80031-3"}],"container-title":["Sexual Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1079063217720919","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1079063217720919","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1079063217720919","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:37:48Z","timestamp":1777689468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1079063217720919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1079063217720919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1079063217720919","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-0632","1573-286X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-0632","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-286X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]]}}}