{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:49:22Z","timestamp":1777934962097,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584057600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    For a particular subgroup of individuals with severe paraphilic disorders and a high risk of sexual recidivism, the combination of sex drive\u2013reducing medications and psychotherapy is a promising treatment approach. The present quasi-experimental study aims at comparing differences in clinical characteristics and dynamic risk factors between persons receiving (+TLM,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 38) versus not receiving (\u2212TLM,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 22) testosterone-lowering medications (TLMs). Individuals receiving TLM were more frequently diagnosed with paraphilic disorders. Neither the criminal history nor average risk scores differed between the two groups. In the +TLM, Stable-2007 scores showed a stronger decrease after TLM treatment was started. This accounted especially for the general and sexual self-regulation subscales. Individual variations in risk, however, were not predicted by TLM but were significantly related to treatment duration and Psychopathy Checklist\u2013Revised (PCL-R) Factor I. Paraphilic patients with problems in self-regulatory abilities seem to profit most from pharmacological sex drive\u2013reducing treatment. Furthermore, therapists seem to underestimate deviant sexual fantasies in medicated patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063220910723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T09:01:57Z","timestamp":1584090117000},"page":"475-500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Testosterone-Lowering Medication and Its Association With Recidivism Risk in Individuals Convicted of Sexual Offenses"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8718-126X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Sauter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peer","family":"Briken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0979-4295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Rettenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Kriminologische Zentralstelle, Wiesbaden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahn J. Shim G. Lee J. Lee J. Lee T. Roh I. (2013). Preliminary study of effect of leuprolide acetate treatment on sexual fantasy of sex offenders. Korean Journal of Legal Medicine 37 139\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7580\/kjlm.2013.37.3.139","DOI":"10.7580\/kjlm.2013.37.3.139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Handbook of violence risk assessment","author":"Anderson D.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Anderson D., Hanson R. K. (2010). An actuarial tool to assess risk of sexual and violent recidivism among sexual offenders. In Otto R. K., Douglas K. S. (Eds.), Handbook of violence risk assessment (pp. 251\u2013267). Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","volume-title":"LSI-R: The Level of Service Inventory\u2013Revised","author":"Andrews D. A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Andrews D. A., Bonta J. (2011). LSI-R: The Level of Service Inventory\u2013Revised. Multi-Health Systems."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","unstructured":"Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers. (2012). Pharmacological interventions with adult male sexual offenders [Position statement]. www.atsa.com\/pharmacological-interventions-adult-male-sexual-offenders-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118314876.ch18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradford J. M. W. (2001). The neurobiology neuropharmacology and pharmacological treatment of the paraphilias and compulsive sexual behavior. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 46 26\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674370104600104","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370104600104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradford J. M. W. Pawlak A. (1993). Double-blind placebo crossover study of cyproterone acetate in the treatment of the paraphilias. Archives of Sexual Behavior 22(5) 383\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01542555","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01542555"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briken P. Berner W. (2010). Behandlung von Sexualstraft\u00e4tern mit Psychotherapie und LHRH-Agonisten [Treatment of sexual offenders with psychotherapy and LHRH-agonists]. Forensische Psychiatrie Psychologie Kriminologie 4(Suppl. 1) S1\u2013S2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11757-010-0071-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11757-010-0071-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briken P. Boetticher A. Krueger R. B. Kism\u00f6di E. Reed G. M. (2019). Current legal situation for patients with paraphilic disorders and implications of the ICD-11 for paraphilic disorders for Germany. Journal of Sexual Medicine 16 1615\u20131622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.07.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briken P. Hill A. Berner W. (2003). Pharmacotherapy of paraphilias with long-acting agonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone: A systematic review. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 64(8) 890\u2013897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.v64n0806","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briken P. M\u00fcller J. L. Berner W. B\u00f6decker R.-H. Vollmann J. Kasperk C. Koller M. (2017). Vom Scheitern einer Studie in Ma\u00dfregelvollzugskrankenh\u00e4usern. Klinische Pr\u00fcfung zum additiven Effekt von Triptorelin auf die Wirksamkeit von Psychotherapie [Failure of a study in forensic psychiatric hospitals. Clinical trial to investigate the additive effect of triptorelin on the efficacy of psychotherapy]. Nervenarzt 88(5) 480\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00115-017-0301-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-017-0301-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briken P. Turner D. Thibaut F. Bradford J. Cosyns P. Tozdan S. (2018). Validation of the Change or Stop Testosterone-Lowering Medication (COSTLow) Scale using Delphi method among clinical experts. Journal of Sex & Martial Therapy 24 1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0092623X.2018.1491910","DOI":"10.1037\/t76573-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briken P. Welzel K. Habermann N. Hill A. Berner W. (2009). Antiandrogene Therapie und Lockerungen bei Sexualstraft\u00e4tern im Ma\u00dfregelvollzug Berlin [Antiandrogenic pharmacotherapy of sexual offenders and home leave steps in the forensic psychiatric hospital Berlin]. Psychiatrische Praxis 36 232\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0028-1090221","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1090221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bussmann H. Finger P. (2009). Die Durchf\u00fchrung antiandrogener Behandlung von Sexualstraft\u00e4tern im Berliner Ma\u00dfregelvollzug [Anti-androgenic treatment of sex offenders in the forensic psychiatric hospital of Berlin]. Forensische Psychiatrie Psychologie Kriminologie 3 129\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11757-010-0061-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11757-009-0127-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Academic Press.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper A. J. (1981). A placebo-controlled trial of the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate in deviant hypersexuality. Comprehensive Psychiatry 22 458\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-440X(81)90034-1","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(81)90034-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Czerny J.-P. Briken P. Berner W. (2002). Antihormonal treatment of paraphilic patients in German forensic psychiatric clinics. European Psychiatry 17 104\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0924-9338(02)00635-1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(02)00635-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Antiandrogene Medikation zur Senkung der R\u00fcckf\u00e4lligkeit von Sexualstraft\u00e4tern: Ein kritischer \u00dcberblick","volume":"25","author":"Eher R.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Eher R., Gnoth A., Birklbauer A., Pf\u00e4fflin F. (2007). Antiandrogene Medikation zur Senkung der R\u00fcckf\u00e4lligkeit von Sexualstraft\u00e4tern: Ein kritischer \u00dcberblick [The effects of antiandrogenic medication on relapse rates of sex offenders: A review]. Recht & Psychiatrie, 25(3), 103\u2013111.","journal-title":"Recht & Psychiatrie"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eher R. Rettenberger M. Gaunersdorfer K. Haubner-MacLean T. Matthes A. Schilling F. Mokros A. (2013). \u00dcber die Treffsicherheit der standardisierten Risikoeinsch\u00e4tzungsverfahren Static-99 und Stable-2007 bei aus einer Sicherungsma\u00dfnahme entlassenen Sexualstraft\u00e4tern [On the accuracy of the standardized risk assessment procedures Static-99 and Stable-2007 for sexual offenders released from detention]. Forensische Psychiatrie Psychologie Kriminologie 7 264\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11757-013-01212-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11757-013-0212-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eher R. Rettenberger M. Turner D. (2019). The prevalence of mental disorders in incarcerated contact sexual offenders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 139 572\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.13024","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Etzler S. Eher R. Rettenberger M. (2018). Dynamic risk assessment of sexual offenders: Validity and dimensional structure of the Stable-2007. Assessment 27(4) 822\u2013839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191118754705","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191118754705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallo A. Abracen J. Looman J. Jeglic E. Dickey R. (2018). The use of leuprolide acetate in the management of high-risk sex offenders. Sexual Abuse 31 930\u2013951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1079063218791176","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063218791176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenhouse S. W. Geisser S. (1959). On methods in the analysis of profile data. Psychometrika 24(2) 95\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02289823","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289823"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.63.5.802"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanson R. K. (2002). Recidivism and age: Follow-up data from 4 673 sexual offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 17(10) 1046\u20131062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605-0201710-02","DOI":"10.1177\/088626002236659"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanson R. K. Bourgon G. Helmus L. Hodgson S. (2009). The principles of effective correctional treatment also apply to sexual offenders: A meta-analysis. Criminal Justice and Behavior 36(9) 865\u2013891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0093854809338545","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854809338545"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","unstructured":"Hanson R. K. Harris A. J. R. Scott T.-L. Helmus L. M. (2007). Assessing the risk of sexual offenders on community supervision (User Report No. 2007-05). Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.6.1154"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanson R. K. Thornton D. (2000). Improving risk assessments for sex offenders: A comparison of three actuarial scales. Law and Human Behavior 24 119\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1005482921333","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005482921333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised","author":"Hare R. D.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hare R. D. (2003). Manual for the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (2nd ed.). Multi Health Systems.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hare R. D. Neumann C. S. (2008). Psychopathy as a clinical and empirical construct. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 4 217\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091452","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091452"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","volume-title":"STATIC-99: Coding rules revised\u20132003","author":"Harris A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harris A., Phenix A., Thornton D., Hanson R. K. (2003). STATIC-99: Coding rules revised\u20132003. Solicitor General."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hebebrand K. Hebebrand J. Remschmidt H. (2002). Medikamente in der Behandlung von Paraphilien und hypersexuellen St\u00f6rungen [Pharmacological agents for treatment of paraphilias and hypersexual disorders]. Fortschritte der Neurologie Psychiatrie 70 462\u2013475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2002-33759","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-33759"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helmus L. M. Thornton D. Hanson R. K. Babchishin K. M. (2012). Improving the predictive accuracy of STATIC-99 and STATIC-2002 with older sex offenders: Revised age weights. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 24 64\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1079063211409951","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063211409951"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill A. Briken P. Kraus C. Strohm K. Berner W. (2003). Differential pharmacological treatment of paraphilias and sex offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 47(4) 407\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0306624X03253847","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X03253847"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jordan K. Fromberger P. Laubinger H. Dechent P. M\u00fcller J. L. (2014). Changed processing of visual sexual stimuli under GnRH-therapy\u2014A single case study in pedophilia using eye tracking and fMRT. BMC Psychiatry 14(1) Article 142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-244X-14-142","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-14-142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan O. Ferriter M. Huband N. Powney M. J. Dennis J. A. Duggan C. (2015). Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending [Review]. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3 Article CD0079789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007989","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007989.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Triebd\u00e4mpfende Medikation zwischen R\u00fcckfallprophylaxe und K\u00f6rperverletzung","volume":"26","author":"Koller M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Koller M. (2008). Triebd\u00e4mpfende Medikation zwischen R\u00fcckfallprophylaxe und K\u00f6rperverletzung [Sex drive\u2013reducing medication between relapse prevention and physical assault]. Recht & Psychiatrie, 26, 187\u2013199.","journal-title":"Recht & Psychiatrie"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koo K. C. Ahn J. H. Hong S. J. Lee J. W. Chung B. H. (2014). Effects of chemical castration on sex offenders in relation to the kinetics of serum testosterone recovery: Implications for dosing schedule. Journal of Sexual Medicine 11(5) 1316\u20131324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsm.12492","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12492"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kraemer H. C. Blasey C. M. (2004). Centring in regression analyses: A strategy to prevent errors in statistical inference. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 13(3) 141\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mpr.170","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laschet U. Laschet L. (1967). Antiandrogentherapie der pathologisch gesteigerten und abartigen Sexualit\u00e4t des Mannes [Antiandrogen therapy of pathologically increased and abnormal sexuality of man]. Klinische Wochenschrift 45 324\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01747114","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01747114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f6sel F. Schmucker M. (2005). The effectiveness of treatment for sexual offenders: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology 1(1) 117\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11292-004-6466-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11292-004-6466-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maletzky B. M. Field G. (2003). The biological treatment of dangerous sexual offenders. A review and preliminary report of the Oregon pilot depo-Provera program. Aggression and Violent Behavior 8 391\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1359-1789(02)00065-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(02)00065-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","volume-title":"Current practices and emerging trends in sexual abuser management: The Safer Society 2009 North America Survey","author":"McGrath R. J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"McGrath R. J., Cumming G. F., Burchard B. L., Zeoli S., Ellerby L. (2010). Current practices and emerging trends in sexual abuser management: The Safer Society 2009 North America Survey. Safer Society Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGraw K. O. Wong S. P. (1996). Forming inferences about some intraclass correlation coefficients. Psychological Methods 1 30\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1082-989X.1.1.30","DOI":"10.1037\/\/1082-989X.1.1.30"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","volume-title":"Deutsche Version der Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) von R. D. Hare: Manual","author":"Mokros A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mokros A., Hollerbach P., Nitschke J., Habermeyer E. (2017). Deutsche Version der Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) von R. D. Hare: Manual [German version of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) by R. D. Hare: Manual]. Hogrefe."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mokros A. Vohs K. Habermeyer E. (2014). Psychopathy and violent reoffending in German-speaking countries: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 30 117\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000178","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moulier V. Fonteille V. Pelegrini-Issac M. Cordier B. Baron-Lafor\u00eat S. Boriasse E. . . . Stol\u00e9ru S. (2012). A pilot study of the effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist therapy on brain activation pattern in a man with pedophilia. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 56(1) 50\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0306624X10392191","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X10392191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","volume-title":"Ver\u00e4nderungsmessung","author":"Petermann F.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Petermann F. (1978). Ver\u00e4nderungsmessung [Change measurement]. Kohlhammer."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","first-page":"114","volume-title":"Assessing dangerousness: Violence by sex offenders, batterers, and child molesters","author":"Quinsey V. L.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Quinsey V. L., Lalumi\u00e8re M. L., Rice M. E., Harris G. T. (1995). Predicting sexual offences. In Campbell J. (Ed.), Assessing dangerousness: Violence by sex offenders, batterers, and child molesters (pp. 114\u2013137). SAGE."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rettenberger M. Haubner-MacLean T. Eher R. (2013). The contribution of age to the STATIC-99 risk assessment in a population-based prison sample of sexual offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior 40 1413\u20131433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0093854813492518","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854813492518"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rettenberger M. Matthes A. Boer D. P. Eher R. (2010). Prospective actuarial risk assessment: A comparison of five risk assessment instruments in different sexual offender subtypes. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 54 169\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0306624X08328755","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X08328755"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rettenberger M. Matthes A. Schilling F. Eher R. (2011). Die Validit\u00e4t dynamisch-ver\u00e4nderbarer Risikofaktoren bei der Vorhersage einschl\u00e4giger R\u00fcckf\u00e4lle p\u00e4dosexueller Straft\u00e4ter\u2014Eine Studie \u00fcber Stable-2000 und Stable-2007 [The validity of dynamic and changeable risk factors for the prediction of sexual recidivism in a sample of pedosexual offenders\u2014A study of Stable-2000 and Stable-2007]. Forensische Psychiatrie Psychologie Kriminologie 5 45\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11757-010-0086-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s11757-010-0086-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00f6sler A. Witztum E. (1998). Treatment of men with paraphilia with a long-acting analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The New England Journal of Medicine 338(7) 416\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199802123380702","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802123380702"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salekin R. T. Rogers R. Sewell K. W. (1996). A review and meta-analysis of the Psychopathy Checklist and Psychopathy Checklist\u2013Revised: Predictive validity of dangerousness. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 3 203\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2850.1996.tb00071.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.1996.tb00071.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sauter J. Stasch J. Klemke K. Emmerling A. Vo\u00df T. (2018). Das Absetzen antiandrogener Medikation im ambulanten Setting. Fortsetzungsbericht \u00fcber die Auslassversuche der Berliner Stichprobe [Discontinuing antiandrogenic treatment in a forensic outpatient setting. A follow-up report of withdrawal trials of a Berlin sample]. Forensische Psychiatrie Psychologie Kriminologie 12(4) 352\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11757-018-0498-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11757-018-0498-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmucker M. L\u00f6sel F. (2015). The effects of sexual offender treatment on recidivism: An international meta-analysis of sound quality evaluations. Journal of Experimental Criminology 11(4) 597\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11292-015-9241-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s11292-015-9241-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schober J. M. Kuhn P. J. Kovacs P. G. Earle J. H. Byrne P. M. Fries R. A. (2005). Leuprolide acetate suppresses pedophilic urges and arousability. Archives of Sexual Behavior 34(6) 691\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-005-7929-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-005-7929-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sewall L. A. Olver M. E. (2019). Psychopathy and treatment outcome: Results from a sexual violence reduction program. Personality Disorders: Theory Research and Treatment 10(1) 59\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/per0000297","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000297"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thibaut F. De La Barra F. Gordon H. Cosyns P. Bradford J. M. W. (2010). The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for the biological treatment of paraphilias. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 11(4) 604\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/15622971003671628","DOI":"10.3109\/15622971003671628"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner D. Basdekis-Jozsa R. Briken P. (2013). Prescription of testosterone-lowering medications for sex offender treatment in German forensic-psychiatric institutions. Journal of Sexual Medicine 10 570\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02958.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02958.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner D. Basdekis-Jozsa R. Dekker A. Briken P. (2014). Which factors influence the appropriateness of testosterone-lowering medications for sex offenders? A survey among clinicians from German forensic-psychiatric institutions. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 15(6) 472\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/15622975.2013.839052","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2013.839052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner D. Briken P. (2018). Treatment of paraphilic disorders in sexual offenders or men with a risk of sexual offending with Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonists: An updated systematic review. Journal of Sexual Medicine 15(1) 77\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2017.11.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2017.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner D. Greg\u00f3rio Hertz P. Sauter J. Briken P. Rettenberger M. (2018). Pharmacological treatment of sexual offenders in German outpatient treatment centers. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 33(6) 349\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/YIC.0000000000000222","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0000000000000222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner D. Petermann J. Harrison K. Krueger R. Briken P. (2017). Pharmacological treatment of patients with paraphilic disorders and risk of sexual offending: An international perspective. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 17 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15622975.2017.1395069","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2017.1395069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vo\u00df T. Klemke K. Schneider-Njepel V. Kr\u00f6ber H.-L. (2016). Wenn ja wie lange?\u2014Dauer antiandrogener Behandlung von Sexualstraft\u00e4tern mit paraphilen St\u00f6rungen: Klinische Erfahrungen aus Auslassversuchen in der forensischen Nachsorgepraxis [When yes for how long?\u2014Duration of antiandrogenic treatment of sexual offenders with paraphilic disorders]. Forensische Psychiatrie Psychologie Kriminologie 10(1) 21\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11757-015-0346-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s11757-015-0346-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","volume-title":"HCR-20: Assessing risk of violence","author":"Webster C. D.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Webster C. D., Douglas K. S., Eaves D., Hart S. D. (1997). HCR-20: Assessing risk of violence (Version 2). Mental Health Law & Policy Institute, Simon Fraser University."}],"container-title":["Sexual Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1079063220910723","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1079063220910723","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1079063220910723","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:38:29Z","timestamp":1777689509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1079063220910723"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1079063220910723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1079063220910723","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-0632","1573-286X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-0632","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-286X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]]}}}