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In addition, these studies describe these approaches as active-orientated without mentioning an avoidant pathway. The aim of the study was to investigate whether PWCST use similar pathways as the four offending pathways identified by Ward and Hudson. Using qualitative thematic analysis, 195 cases of online chat conversations between PWCST and operators posing as a minor were analyzed. The Ward and Hudson pathways model was partially replicable. Evidence was found for an approach and avoidant pathway. The data also suggest three other sub-pathways and a mixed pathway. Most PWCST in this study used an approach pathway to immediately approach minors for sex, which provides important insight into the diverse nature of sexual grooming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063220981061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T13:26:00Z","timestamp":1608211560000},"page":"871-890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sexual Offending Pathways and Chat Conversations in an Online Environment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3507-511X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manon","family":"Kleijn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fivoor\u2014Kijvelanden Research and Treatment Innovation, Poortugaal, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Tilburg University, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bogaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fivoor\u2014Kijvelanden Research and Treatment Innovation, Poortugaal, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Tilburg University, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1079063220981061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aslan D. 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