{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:39:22Z","timestamp":1790743162514,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649116800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The non-consensual sharing of private sexual images (so-called \u2018revenge pornography\u2019) has become an increasingly prominent topic in social and legislative discussions about sexual crime but has received relatively little attention within psychological research. Here, we leveraged existing theorizing in the area of sexual offending proclivity to systematically develop and validate a measure of beliefs about this type of offending. There is currently a lack of validated assessment tools in this area, and these are important to better understand the role of offense-supportive cognition in predicting both proclivity of these offenses and judgements of both victims and perpetrators. Using an international community sample ( N = 511) we found our \u2018Beliefs about Revenge Pornography Questionnaire (BRPQ)\u2019 to be comprised of four underpinning domains: \u2018Victims as Promiscuous\u2019, \u2018Victim Harm\u2019, \u2018Avoiding Vulnerable Behaviors\u2019 and \u2018Offense Minimization\u2019. Concurrent validity is demonstrated through relationships with trait empathy, belief in a just world, dark personality traits and rape myth acceptance. Randomly dividing the sample, we also show that the BRPQ was associated with both proclivity ( n = 227) and social judgements of this type of offending ( n = 232). Implications and future directions are discussed. An open-access preprint is available at https:\/\/psyarxiv.com\/6qr7t\/ .<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10790632221082663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T22:40:35Z","timestamp":1649198435000},"page":"748-783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Development and Validation of the Beliefs About Revenge Pornography Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3172-0129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig A.","family":"Harper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil A.","family":"Daruwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Derby, Derby, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8454-3042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dean","family":"Fido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Derby, Derby, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1557085116654565"},{"key":"bibr2-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351059039-2"},{"key":"bibr3-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.284"},{"key":"bibr4-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JACPR-09-2016-0253"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr5-10790632221082663","first-page":"128","volume":"11","author":"Branch K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Cyber Criminology"},{"key":"bibr6-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613490749"},{"key":"bibr7-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.01.016"},{"key":"bibr8-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107906329600800105"},{"key":"bibr9-10790632221082663","first-page":"2325","volume":"66","author":"Burris A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Florida Law Review"},{"key":"bibr10-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.38.2.217"},{"key":"bibr11-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2005.00171.x"},{"key":"bibr12-10790632221082663","first-page":"345","volume":"49","author":"Citron D. K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wake Forest Law Review"},{"key":"bibr14-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614545130"},{"key":"bibr16-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5817\/CP2014-1-9"},{"key":"bibr17-10790632221082663","unstructured":"Dustagheer E. (2018, May 17). Public perceptions of revenge pornography. In Paper presented at the British Psychological Society Annual Conference. Nottingham, UK."},{"key":"bibr18-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-011-9943-2"},{"key":"bibr19-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-59284-4"},{"key":"bibr20-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063219894306"},{"key":"bibr21-10790632221082663","volume-title":"Discovering statistics using SPSS","author":"Field A.","year":"2005","edition":"2"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr22-10790632221082663","first-page":"15","volume":"27","author":"Franks M. A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atticus"},{"key":"bibr23-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315648187"},{"key":"bibr24-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2021.101547"},{"key":"bibr25-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063219825869"},{"key":"bibr26-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2017.01.011"},{"key":"bibr27-10790632221082663","unstructured":"Hatcher R. (2016, June 15). Who is to blame for \u2018revenge pornography\u2019? The contribution of relationship duration, nature of media capture and victim behaviour on public perceptions. Paper presented at the BPS Division of Forensic Psychology Annual Conference. Brighton, UK."},{"key":"bibr28-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838012462244"},{"key":"bibr29-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004865814524218"},{"key":"bibr30-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838016650189"},{"key":"bibr31-10790632221082663","volume-title":"Not just \u2018revenge pornography\u2019: Australians\u2019 experiences of image-based abuse. A summary report","author":"Henry N.","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr32-10790632221082663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854812436802"},{"key":"bibr33-10790632221082663","first-page":"1059","volume":"78","author":"Hildebrand M. 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