{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:29:44Z","timestamp":1792722584927,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Online support communities are gaining attention among child-attracted persons (CAPs). Though research has largely focused on the negative consequences these environments create for potential offending, they may also provide a beneficial alternative to more formal treatment settings. To assess the utility for clinical and therapeutic purposes, this analysis focused on subcultural dynamics to examine self-reported wellbeing outcomes of participation in a Dutch forum for CAPs. A total of 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with moderators, members and mental health professionals involved in the community. Thematic analyses demonstrated that by means of informal social control, bonds of trust and social relational education, the network aims to regulate the behavior and enhance the wellbeing of its marginalized participants. Key outcomes include a decreased sense of loneliness and better coping with stigma, to the point that participants experience less suicidal thoughts. Association with prosocial peers also helps to set moral boundaries regarding behavior towards children, although we cannot fully rule out potential adverse influences. Online support networks offer a stepping stone to professional care that fits individual needs of CAPs, while also providing an informal environment that overcomes limitations of physical therapy and that extents principles of existing prevention and desistance approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10790632231154882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T18:56:40Z","timestamp":1675191400000},"page":"158-184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Online Communities for Child-Attracted Persons as Informal Mental Health Care: Exploring Self-Reported Wellbeing Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3447-5245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. M. J.","family":"Bekkers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hague University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3051-0859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. R.","family":"Leukfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hague University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, Netherlands"},{"name":"Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5894-0172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. J.","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10790632231154882","volume-title":"Social learning and social structure: A general theory of crime and deviance","author":"Akers R. L.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr2-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"bibr3-10790632231154882","volume-title":"Mental health care and professional literature survey results","author":"B4UACT","year":"2022"},{"key":"bibr4-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000212"},{"key":"bibr5-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444817730331"},{"key":"bibr6-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063217697132"},{"key":"bibr7-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891241609342239"},{"key":"bibr8-10790632231154882","volume-title":"Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development","author":"Boyatzis R. E.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr9-10790632231154882","volume-title":"The sociology of youth cultures and youth subcultures","author":"Brake M.","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr10-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"bibr11-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/13620-004"},{"key":"bibr12-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11930-016-0076-z"},{"key":"bibr13-10790632231154882","volume-title":"[Master\u2019s thesis","author":"Cash B.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr14-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063215603691"},{"key":"bibr15-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13552600.2013.791730"},{"key":"bibr17-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRA.0000000000000348"},{"key":"bibr16-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2017.1377129"},{"key":"bibr18-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063219825868"},{"key":"bibr19-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063214547582"},{"key":"bibr20-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01639625.2019.1597320"},{"key":"bibr21-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2015.1020108"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr22-10790632231154882","first-page":"421","volume":"3","author":"D'Ovidio R.","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Cyber Criminology"},{"key":"bibr23-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/sah0000317"},{"key":"bibr24-10790632231154882","first-page":"57","volume-title":"After crime and punishment: Pathways to offender reintegration","author":"Farrall S.","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr25-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854814550028"},{"key":"bibr26-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2012.06.003"},{"key":"bibr27-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/sah0000154"},{"key":"bibr28-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15228932.2013.808526"},{"key":"bibr29-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X19873084"},{"key":"bibr30-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01639620601131065"},{"key":"bibr31-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10511253.2010.516565"},{"key":"bibr32-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439312452998"},{"key":"bibr33-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063209344979"},{"key":"bibr34-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315775944"},{"key":"bibr35-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2015.1061077"},{"key":"bibr36-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0439-3"},{"key":"bibr37-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-017-1073-7"},{"key":"bibr38-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0312-4"},{"key":"bibr39-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-015-0503-7"},{"key":"bibr40-10790632231154882","volume-title":"Beyond tolerance: Child pornography on the Internet","author":"Jenkins P.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr41-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063220965953"},{"key":"bibr42-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380211057274"},{"key":"bibr43-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063218797713"},{"key":"bibr44-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10615-019-00712-4"},{"key":"bibr45-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-98243-4_8"},{"key":"bibr46-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13552600.2021.1883754"},{"key":"bibr47-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-019-01569-x"},{"key":"bibr48-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2015.1093531"},{"key":"bibr49-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-1874.2004.tb00185.x"},{"key":"bibr50-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0915-2_15"},{"key":"bibr51-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2021.1948957"},{"key":"bibr52-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azz075"},{"key":"bibr53-10790632231154882","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Offender supervision: New directions in theory, research and practice","author":"Maruna S.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr54-10790632231154882","volume-title":"Language of the Underworld","author":"Maurer D. W.","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr55-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jip.1450"},{"key":"bibr56-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1958.tb01413.x"},{"key":"bibr57-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1057610X.2019.1585628"},{"key":"bibr58-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13552600903395319"},{"key":"bibr59-10790632231154882","first-page":"270","volume-title":"Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change","author":"Orlinsky D. E.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr60-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01639620590888285"},{"key":"bibr61-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/cjhs.2022-0007"},{"key":"bibr62-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-011-9882-6"},{"key":"bibr63-10790632231154882","volume-title":"Pedophilia and sexual offending against children: Theory, assessment, and intervention","author":"Seto M. C.","year":"2018","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr64-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104416"},{"key":"bibr65-10790632231154882","volume-title":"Gang Delinquency and Delinquent Subcultures","author":"Short J. F.","year":"1968"},{"key":"bibr66-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2019.1657539"},{"key":"bibr67-10790632231154882","first-page":"74","volume":"28","author":"Stiels-Glenn M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Recht and Psychiatrie"},{"key":"bibr68-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5430\/jnep.v6n5p100"},{"key":"bibr69-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439321994894"},{"key":"bibr70-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2006.03.004"},{"key":"bibr71-10790632231154882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12840\/issn.2255-4165.2016.04.01.010"}],"container-title":["Sexual Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10790632231154882","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10790632231154882","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10790632231154882","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:39:16Z","timestamp":1777689556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10790632231154882"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10790632231154882"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10790632231154882","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-0632","1573-286X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-0632","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-286X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]}}}