{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:49:01Z","timestamp":1777934941818,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"New Zealand Department of Corrections - Ara Poutama, Aotearoa"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Techniques aimed at modifying or managing paraphilic sexual interests have been a mainstay of many sexual offending treatment programs internationally for a number of decades, based largely on behavioral traditions. However, research interest and innovation with regard to these techniques has notably stagnated over time. The current narrative review aimed to explore arousal management techniques used in contemporary rehabilitative practice, to consider current evidence regarding the effectiveness of such methods, as well as to overview available guidance regarding the suitability of therapeutic applications of the techniques with different populations of those who have been apprehended for perpetrating sexual offenses. Overall conclusions support the inclusion of some form of arousal modification and management targets in programs for selected individuals, largely based on recent meta-analytic findings regarding the effectiveness of relevant techniques in reducing paraphilic interest, as well as their empirical association with reduced sexual reoffending. The need for fresh research in this area is also highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10790632261417666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T16:34:40Z","timestamp":1768667680000},"page":"313-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Arousal Management Techniques, Effectiveness and Therapeutic Applications in Sexual Offending Treatment: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8600-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Beggs Christofferson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canterbury"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Breanne","family":"Ealam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canterbury"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","volume-title":"Treatment of high-risk sexual offenders: An integrated approach","author":"Abracen J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abracen J., Looman J. (2016). Treatment of high-risk sexual offenders: An integrated approach. Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101465"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed. text rev.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","unstructured":"Association for the Treatment and Prevention of Sexual Abuse. (2017). Practice guidelines for assessment treatment and intervention with adolescents who have engaged in sexually abusive behavior. Retrieved from. https:\/\/members.atsa.com\/learn\/Details\/guidelines-atsa-practice-guidelines-for-assessment-treatment-and-intervention-with-adolescents-who-have-engaged-in-sexually-abusive-behavior-196926"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","unstructured":"Association for the Treatment and Prevention of Sexual Abuse. (2025). Best practice guidelines for the assessment treatment and risk management and risk reduction of men who have committed sexually abusive behaviors. Retrieved from. https:\/\/members.atsa.com\/learn\/Details\/best-practice-guidelines-for-men-6th-edition-251865"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022900"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13218719.2024.2444301"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003292128"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11930-018-0165-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13218719.2011.633329"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/lhb0000144"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JFP-09-2017-0036"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-6726-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Sexual offender treatment: Controversial issues","author":"Fernandez Y. M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fernandez Y. M., Shingler J., Marshall W. (2006). Putting \u201cbehavior\u201d back into the cognitive-behavioral treatment of sexual offenders. In Sexual offender treatment: Controversial issues (pp. 211\u2013224). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9780470713457.ch15"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063218791176"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101752"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-016-0729-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107906320201400207"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.6.1154"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2015.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01696-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0915-2_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6402(91)90012-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118752982.ch13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063210366039"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534650105280329"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","volume-title":"Cognitive behavioural treatment of sexual offenders","author":"Marshall W. L.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Marshall W. L., Anderson D., Fernandez Y. (1999). Cognitive behavioural treatment of sexual offenders. Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(01)00056-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118574003.wattso065"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107906320301500202"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","volume-title":"Treating sexual offenders: An integrated approach","author":"Marshall W. L.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marshall W. L., Marshall L. E., Serran G. A., Fernandez Y. M. (2006). Treating sexual offenders: An integrated approach. Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/12310-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470714362.ch17"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","volume-title":"Human sexual response","author":"Masters W. H.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Masters W. H., Johnson V. E. (1966). Human sexual response. Little, Brown."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","volume-title":"Current practices and emerging trends in sexual abuser management: The safer society 2009 North American survey","author":"McGrath R. J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"McGrath R. J., Cumming G. F., Burchard B. L., Zeoli S., Ellerby L. (2010). Current practices and emerging trends in sexual abuser management: The safer society 2009 North American survey. https:\/\/www.robertmcgrath.us\/files\/6414\/3204\/5288\/2009_Safer_Society_North_American_Survey.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191117706139"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854820916774"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119771401.ch16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-015-0652-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12488"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-020-01146-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.19.3.318"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","volume-title":"ATSA blog: Association for the treatment & prevention of sexual abuse","author":"Prescott D. S.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prescott D. S., Uzieblo K., McCartan K. (2020, November 26). In the news: Conversion therapy in the US and beyond. ATSA blog: Association for the treatment & prevention of sexual abuse. https:\/\/blog.atsa.com\/2020\/11\/in-news-conversion-therapy-in-us-and.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Sex offenders: Identification, risk assessment, treatment, and legal issues","author":"Saleh F. M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Saleh F. M. (2009). Pharmacological treatment of paraphilic sex offenders. In Saleh F. M., Grudzinskas A. J., Bradford J. M., Brodsky D. J. (Eds.), Sex offenders: Identification, risk assessment, treatment, and legal issues (pp. 189\u2013207). Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11292-015-9241-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-011-9882-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","volume-title":"Pedophilia and sexual offending against children: Theory, assessment, and intervention","author":"Seto M. C.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seto M. C. (2018). Pedophilia and sexual offending against children: Theory, assessment, and intervention (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0000107-000","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063217720919"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-80212-7_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/bech.27.4.227"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2015.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X16676547"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119771401.ch18"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119771401.ch19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2005.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10683160208401823"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119771401.ch20"}],"container-title":["Sexual Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10790632261417666","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10790632261417666","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10790632261417666","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:39:51Z","timestamp":1777689591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10790632261417666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10790632261417666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10790632261417666","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-0632","1573-286X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-0632","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-286X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]]}}}