{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T22:45:37Z","timestamp":1782859537403,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Royal City of Dublin Hospital Trust","award":["RCDH APP 185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCDH APP 185"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Interferon &amp; Cytokine Research"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Mtb) infection activates type I interferons (IFNs), which are crucial mediators of tuberculosis pathogenesis. Despite assumptions that IFN\u03b1 and IFN\u03b2 are secreted by human macrophages, direct protein quantification in primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) is surprisingly lacking. Here, we demonstrate measurable IFN\u03b1 and IFN\u03b2 secretion by MDMs infected with both virulent (H37Rv) and attenuated (H37Ra) Mtb strains as early as 48 h postinfection, with levels persisting at 120 h. These findings challenge existing assumptions about type I IFN kinetics and highlight the importance of timing in experimental designs and provide a foundation for exploring their role in host\u2013pathogen interactions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10799907261446997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T10:21:14Z","timestamp":1777285274000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Human Macrophages Secrete Both Interferon \u03b1 and Interferon \u03b2 Proteins During Infection with\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4764-4781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gina","family":"Leisching","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James\u2019s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donal","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James\u2019s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6534-0984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Bondet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali S.","family":"Yennemadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James\u2019s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3483-1262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se\u00e1n","family":"Donohue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James\u2019s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland."},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, St James\u2019s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darragh","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James\u2019s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44319-024-00171-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00296"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02611-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200887"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109195"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003496"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.05.005"},{"issue":"174","key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","first-page":"e62838","article-title":"An automated culture system for use in preclinical testing of host-directed therapies for tuberculosis","author":"O\u2019Leary S","year":"2021","unstructured":"10.O\u2019Leary S, , Bahlool AZ, , O\u2019Connor G, et al. An automated culture system for use in preclinical testing of host-directed therapies for tuberculosis. 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