{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T14:54:53Z","timestamp":1785941693659,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"USANA Health Sciences, Inc.","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008173","name":"Intermountain Research and Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008173","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Interferon &amp; Cytokine Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This investigation examined whether initially elevated serum cytokine concentrations associate with a lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) increase shortly after initiating supplemental vitamin D. This secondary analysis combined data from separate randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies consisting of reportedly healthy adults and individuals with knee osteoarthritis who received supplemental vitamin D. Subjects were separated into 2 groups based on serum IL-6 concentrations at baseline (Bsl; prior to supplemental vitamin D): (1) non-elevated IL-6 (&lt;2.5 pg\/mL;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 22) or (2) elevated IL-6 (\u22652.5 pg\/mL;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 11). Reportedly healthy adults and knee osteoarthritis subjects with elevated IL-6 were matched (1:2) to those with non-elevated IL-6. Matching was based on condition (healthy adults and knee osteoarthritis), age (\u00b13.0\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">y<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), sex, body mass index (\u00b13.0 kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and dose of supplemental vitamin D (cholecalciferol, 4,000 or 8,000 IU\/d). Serum cytokine concentrations at Bsl and serum 25(OH)D concentrations at Bsl and following 7 and 28-d of daily vitamin D supplementation are reported here. Serum IL-6 and other cytokines (GM-CSF, IL-10, IL-13, IL-1\u03b2, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, and TNF-\u03b1) were significantly increased in the elevated compared to the non-elevated IL-6 group at Bsl (all\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations at Bsl, 7-d, and 28-d were not significantly different between IL-6 groups. The increase in serum 25(OH)D from Bsl to 7-d (7-d\u0394) was significantly lower in the elevated compared to the non-elevated IL-6 group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). The 7-d\u0394 in serum 25(OH)D displayed modest inverse associations with Bsl serum 25(OH)D (\u03b2 = \u22120.46,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01) and IL-6 (\u03b2 = \u22120.43,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01). However, the 28-d\u0394 in serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with Bsl serum 25(OH)D (\u03b2 = \u22120.57,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.01) but not with Bsl serum IL-6 (\u03b2 = 0.10,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.31). We conclude that the serum 25(OH)D response to supplemental vitamin D is temporarily blunted with elevated baseline circulating IL-6 and other cytokines, but this response diminished as supplementation continued.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10799907261465487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:14:16Z","timestamp":1782728056000},"page":"264-271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response to Supplemental Vitamin D Is Temporarily Blunted with Elevated Circulating Cytokines at Baseline"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7425-9582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler","family":"Barker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria E.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Physiology Research Laboratory, The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, UT, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa T.","family":"Henriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Physiology Research Laboratory, The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, UT, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.50625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035211010309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2021.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-012-2582-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-9-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnim.2019.100103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-011-0559-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31824e8c42"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00126"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/19381980.2014.983401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-014-9694-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae290"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPJGZQX42BIAXL"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.023812"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00336.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011624108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb01583.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000964"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092614"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386960-9.00002-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.11.5382"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100343200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/jir.S489233"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000403200602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.160929"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.582S"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103573"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199207000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-5-199609010-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041420327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041420327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041420327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.06224-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154434"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3537-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.4.854"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36519"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284820923922"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V133621"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.10.004"}],"container-title":["Journal 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