{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T16:13:47Z","timestamp":1791130427152,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied field rewarming using a typical winter sleeping bag versus two heated hypothermia wrap systems in a semi-realistic lab simulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>10 participants (8\u2005M, 2 F) were cooled to 36.1\u00b0C core temperature through 10.5-11.5\u00b0C water immersion, then performed 60\u2005min of passive rewarming in 0\u00b0C air. The rewarming methods tested were: 1) a \u22129\u00b0C rated mummy-style Sleeping Bag; 2) Doctor Down Rescue Wrap; and 3) Thermal Yielding Vascular Airway Capsule (TYVAC) system; the latter two methods included vapor barriers and two heating pads. Rectal and skin temperatures, along with metabolic heat production calculated via indirect calorimetry, were measured throughout rewarming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One male participant was removed from analysis due to lack of sufficient cooling. Rectal temperature decreased in the remaining participants by \u223c1.1\u20131.2\u00b0C to 36.1\u00b0C during the initial immersion phase. Over the 60\u2005min of rewarming, rectal temperature changes were \u03940.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u00b0C in a sleeping bag, \u0394+0.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00b0C in Doctor Down, and \u0394+0.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00b0C in TYVAC, with no significant differences across methods. Mean skin temperatures, metabolic heat production, and perceptual measures were also similar across methods with no method\u00d7time interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After 60\u2005min of passive rewarming in cold conditions, all three rewarming methods were able to stall continued core cooling to levels at or slightly above post-immersion temperatures. With no differences in any physiological measures, it appears that all three rewarming methods are equally viable options for wilderness responders, and the choice should come down to environmetal conditions, availability, convenience, and ergonomics rather than rewarming efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10806032241270530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T23:36:37Z","timestamp":1726270597000},"page":"393-402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Comparison of Passive Rewarming Systems Following Cold Water Immersion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7023-3856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillip J.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Ergonomics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Hodgkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Ergonomics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Ramagnano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Ergonomics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramneek Singh","family":"Janjuha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Ergonomics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariska J.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Ergonomics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen S.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Ergonomics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bibr1-10806032241270530","first-page":"443","volume":"6","author":"Castellani JW","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr2-10806032241270530","first-page":"733","volume":"71","author":"Giesbrecht GG","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"bibr3-10806032241270530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/PR01-05.1"},{"key":"bibr4-10806032241270530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.6.2373"},{"key":"bibr5-10806032241270530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2019.02.006"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr6-10806032241270530","volume":"30","author":"Dow J","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wildern Environ Med"},{"key":"bibr7-10806032241270530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/15.5.461"},{"key":"bibr8-10806032241270530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00191.2018"},{"key":"bibr9-10806032241270530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.086272"},{"key":"bibr10-10806032241270530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP278917"},{"key":"bibr11-10806032241270530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00540.2015"},{"key":"bibr12-10806032241270530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00663.2023"},{"key":"bibr13-10806032241270530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-002-0589-1"},{"key":"bibr14-10806032241270530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.5.1630"},{"key":"bibr15-10806032241270530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120902935348"},{"key":"bibr16-10806032241270530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.11.005"},{"key":"bibr17-10806032241270530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz164"}],"container-title":["Wilderness &amp; 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