{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:45:42Z","timestamp":1777934742523,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Motorcyclists are particularly vulnerable to injury when encountering large animals such as deer in the roadway. The frequency of these events, factors associated with their occurrence, and the extent of injuries sustained from such crashes are not yet well described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A review of 10 years (2012\u20132021) of statewide motorcycle crash reports from a single state with a large deer population was performed to ascertain the frequency of deer-associated motorcycle crashes. Environmental and roadway conditions, as well as motorcyclist age, gender, and helmet usage, were identified to determine if associations exist with the severity of injuries sustained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Statewide, 8.5% of reported motorcycle crashes involved deer. Excluding the two most densely populated counties, this rose to 10.7%, with 24.1% of crashes occurring during non-daylight hours being deer related. Factors associated with increased frequency of more severe injury and death included not wearing a helmet, female gender, and rural county crash location. Death and severe injuries were reported in more than twice as many riders who were unhelmeted compared to those wearing helmets (36.1 vs 16.6%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a single midwestern state, deer represent a significant danger to motorcyclists, especially in rural settings during non-daylight hours. A cautious approach to riding during this time, utilizing available safety precautions to minimize risk of severe injury and death, and further exploration of viable interventions to reduce the likelihood of these occurrences should be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10806032241291771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T03:48:32Z","timestamp":1730864912000},"page":"89-96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of Factors Associated with Both Frequency and Severity of Deer-Related Motorcycle Crashes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"David P.","family":"Betten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan\u2013Sparrow, Lansing, MI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan State College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin M.","family":"Goulding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan\u2013Sparrow, Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phillip J.","family":"Kostka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marshfield Clinical Health System, Weston, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Corser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen N.","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan\u2013Sparrow, Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtte.2020.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"National Center for Statistics and Analysis. (2023 June Revised). Motorcycles: 2021 data (Traffic Safety Facts. Report No. DOT HS 813 466). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Accessed December 1 2023. https:\/\/crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov\/Api\/Public\/ViewPublication\/813466."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"National Transportation Safety Board. 2018. Select Risk Factors Associated with Causes of Motorcycle Crashes. Safety Report NTSB\/SR-18\/01. Washington DC. 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A random parameter bivariate probit model for injury severities of riders and pillion passengers in motorcycle crashes. J of Transp Safety & Sec. 2022;14(8):1289-306. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19439962.2021.1916666","journal-title":"J of Transp Safety & Sec"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"Don\u2019t Veer for Deer Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning and the U.S. Department of Transportation Catalog. 9500. https:\/\/www.michigan.gov\/msp\/divisions\/ohsp\/safety-programs\/vehicle-deer-crashes. Accessed December 2 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481307901230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580490435079"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","article-title":"Enhancing existing isolated underpasses with fencing reduces wildlife crashes and connects habitat","volume":"15","author":"Donaldson BM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Donaldson BM, Elliot KEM. 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