{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T18:06:33Z","timestamp":1778954793422,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association between environmental conditions, specifically air temperature and cloud conditions (eg, sunny, partly cloudy, or cloudy\/foggy), and types of injuries sustained by skiers and snowboarders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a retrospective observational study of adult patients (\u226518 y of age) who presented with skiing- or snowboarding-related musculoskeletal injuries at a Utah ski resort clinic during the 2022\u201324 ski seasons. Data were extracted from electronic medical records and included demographics, injury type, air temperature, and categorized cloud conditions. Statistical analyses included bivariate comparisons using\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      analysis and analysis of variance and adjusted analyses using multinomial logistic regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1813 patients were included; 62.2% were male, and 81.3% were skiers. Ligamentous knee injuries were the most common injury (31.3%). Unadjusted analysis showed a significant association between temperature and injury type (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), with higher temperatures linked to more upper extremity injuries and lacerations. Cloud condition showed no significant association with injury patterns (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.99). In the adjusted analysis, only head injuries remained significantly associated with temperature: For each 1\u00b0C increase, the odds of head injury increased by 6.4% (odds ratio\u2009=\u20091.06; 95% CI, 1.02\u20131.11;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). Cloud conditions were not significantly associated with any injury type.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher temperatures are associated with a modest increase in head injuries among skiers\/snowboarders, whereas general cloud conditions do not significantly impact injury type. These findings suggest that while temperature may influence injury risk, particularly for head injuries, other factors likely contribute to injury patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10806032251382446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T18:19:49Z","timestamp":1760725189000},"page":"169-175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of Temperature and Cloud Conditions with Skiing and Snowboarding Injuries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Maiya","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4195-8077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bangyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah Medical School"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0056-9259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart","family":"Willick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0178-5757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heba","family":"Abushanab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utah State University, Logan, UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emad","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamal","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.8.919"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2018.07.011","article-title":"Injuries among children and adults in alpine skiing and snowboarding","volume":"22","author":"Ekeland A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ekeland A, R\u00f8dven A, Heir S. Injuries among children and adults in alpine skiing and snowboarding. J Sci Med Sport. 2019;22(suppl 1):S3-S6.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12775\/QS.2023.10.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(95)00085-N"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/traumamon.3799"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim S Endres NK Johnson RJ Ettlinger CF Shealy JE. Snowboarding injuries: trends over time and comparisons with alpine skiing injuries. 2012. Accessed April 9 2024. https:\/\/journals-sagepub-com.ezproxy.lib.utah.edu\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/0363546511433279","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511433279"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore JS Knerl D. Let it snow: how snowfall and injury mechanism affect ski and snowboarding injuries in Vail Colorado 2011\u20132012. 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