{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:45:09Z","timestamp":1792154709121,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wilderness & Environmental Medicine"],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n Carolina jessamine (\n Gelsemium sempervirens<\/jats:italic>\n ) is an evergreen vine containing highly toxic alkaloids that have caused human injury and death. Because this plant is similar to the honeysuckle plant, foraging errors are common.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Retrospective review of all patients with\n G. sempervirens<\/jats:italic>\n ingestion\n s<\/jats:italic>\n from 1\/1\/2000 to 4\/20\/2022 as reported to 2 poison centers that were followed for at least 2 hours post-ingestion. Demographics, clinical effects, intended use of the plant material, whether the plant material was heated, and the presence of case clustering were abstracted. Case outcomes included no effect, minor, moderate, and major effect, with no effect\/minor outcomes and moderate\/major outcomes grouped for analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n There were 283 cases included, with the majority (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009266) aged <18 years and a mean age of 7.3 years; the age group with the greatest number of exposures was the 6-to-12-year-old age group (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009187). There were 57 case clusters in the data set that collectively accounted for 175 of the patients (61.8%). Overall clinical effects were minor, especially in the <6-year-old age group where 100% had no effect\/minor outcomes. Cases in which the plant material was heated (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200911) were more likely to have a severe outcome (27.3%) than those that did not (0.4%); odds ratio 101.6 (95% CI 9.5\u20131087).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Outcomes following pediatric exposure to\n G. sempervirens<\/jats:italic>\n were generally mild. Severe illness was more likely in cases where the plant material was heated as part of preparation. Exploratory pediatric exposures to the raw plant material may be observed without HCF referral.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10806032261491280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:53:32Z","timestamp":1792004012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A 22-Year Retrospective Review of Carolina Jessamine (\n Gelsemium sempervirens<\/i>\n ) Plant Exposures Reported to 2 Poison Control Centers"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1456-900X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael C.","family":"Beuhler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina Poison Control, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Charlotte, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia M.","family":"Beuhler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina Poison Control, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1260-1325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William H.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Carolina Poison Center, University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Michels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Carolina Poison Center, University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063390"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)43951-7"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"998","article-title":"Poisoning with Carolina Jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens [L.] Ait.)","volume":"94","author":"Blaw ME","year":"1979","unstructured":"Blaw ME, Adkisson MA, Levin D, Garriott JC, Tindall RS. Poisoning with Carolina Jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens [L.] Ait.). J Pediatr. 1979;94(6):998-1001.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"776","article-title":"Blooming trouble: toxic flower cakes","volume":"54","author":"Kendall B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kendall B, Schulte J, Liu P, et al. Blooming trouble: toxic flower cakes. Clin Tox. 2016;54(8):776. Abstract #253.","journal-title":"Clin Tox"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"IBM Micromedex. Plants-Gelsemium. IBM Watson Health; 2026 June 24th. Available from: https:\/\/www.micromedexsolutions.com."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Plant Toolbox. 2019 onwards. Gelsemium sempervirens and Honeysuckle Lonicera. North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox N.C. Cooperative Extension. https:\/\/plants.ces.ncsu.edu\/plants Retrieved 2026 22 June. Pictures by Vickis Nature (A) and Scott Zona (B)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"National Poison Data System Coding Users\u2019 Manual. Version 4.4.4. America\u2019s Poison Centers. 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/33.1.56"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"https:\/\/statpages.info. Accessed 1\/10\/2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2025.2571299"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2021.1941302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","volume-title":"Peterson field guide to medicinal plants & herbs of eastern & Central North America","author":"Foster S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Foster S, Duke JA. Peterson field guide to medicinal plants & herbs of eastern & Central North America. 3rd edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; 2014.","edition":"3"}],"container-title":["Wilderness & Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10806032261491280","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10806032261491280","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10806032261491280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:48:14Z","timestamp":1792151294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10806032261491280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10806032261491280"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10806032261491280","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6032","1545-1534"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6032","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1534","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"article-number":"10806032261491280"}}