{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:44:55Z","timestamp":1792075495393,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Sea to Sky Corridor in British Columbia, Canada, is home to highly trafficked backcountry terrain with frequent Search and Rescue (SAR) incidents. Recreationist preparedness is an important factor to help reduce incidents. This study analyzed the preparedness of winter and summer recreationists in the Sea to Sky Corridor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previously collected anonymized data from Squamish SAR trailhead outreach conducted during the summer and winter of 2022-2023 were analyzed. Groups were interviewed, and their demographics and preparedness were assessed. Preparedness was summarized using a composite score (0\u201313) based on key elements, which included carrying the Ten Essentials, route research, checking the weather, leaving a trip plan, and emergency knowledge. Winter groups also were assessed for avalanche safety practices. Mean preparedness scores were compared between seasons and training using independent t tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 123 groups (summer n=81; winter n=42) were included. Summer groups were exclusively hikers, whereas winter groups were predominantly backcountry skiers\/splitboarders. Mean preparedness scores were significantly higher in winter than in summer (10.04\u00b13.59 vs 7.05\u00b12.59;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.0001). No summer group carried all Ten Essentials, whereas 48% of winter groups did. Although most winter groups (88%) had avalanche training, approximately one quarter did not check the forecast and one quarter carried incomplete avalanche setups. No snowshoeing groups carried avalanche equipment, and three quarters had no training.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preparedness gaps were identified across both cohorts, particularly among summer hikers and winter snowshoers. These findings highlight clear targets for prevention strategies in the Sea to Sky Corridor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10806032261495966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:54:52Z","timestamp":1791906892000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preparedness of Backcountry Recreationists in the Sea to Sky Corridor, British Columbia, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9916-8411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Foster T.","family":"Wynne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bronwyn","family":"Delacruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Crickmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine"},{"name":"North Shore Rescue, North Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Turnock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine"},{"name":"North Shore Rescue, North Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Sugden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Squamish Search and Rescue, Squamish, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2022.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/08-WEME-OR-299R.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2020.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10806032241282963"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"AdventureSmart. The Three Ts. Accessed February 21 2025. https:\/\/www.adventuresmart.ca\/the-three-ts\/#takingtheessentials"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","unstructured":"Avalanche Canada. Risk Reduction Procedures. Accessed February 21 2025. https:\/\/avalanche.ca\/pages\/avalanche-risk-reduction-procedures"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","article-title":"Winter recreationists\u2019 perspectives on seasonal differences in the outdoor recreation setting","volume":"37","author":"Gatti ET","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gatti ET, Brownlee MT, Bricker KS. Winter recreationists\u2019 perspectives on seasonal differences in the outdoor recreation setting. J Outdoor Recreat Tour. 2022;37:100366.","journal-title":"J Outdoor Recreat Tour"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/1080-6032(2004)015[0077:VLSAEO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2013.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2023.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2015.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/08-WEME-OR-209R1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","article-title":"Understanding exposure to avalanche terrain and avalanche information product use of snowshoers and winter hikers: insights from Mount Seymour Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada","volume":"52","author":"Slimkowich G","year":"2025","unstructured":"Slimkowich G, Haegeli P. Understanding exposure to avalanche terrain and avalanche information product use of snowshoers and winter hikers: insights from Mount Seymour Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada. J Outdoor Recreat Tour. 2025;52:100968.","journal-title":"J Outdoor Recreat Tour"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","unstructured":"Malcolm CJ Heinrich H. Preventive Success! Grand Canyon\u2019s Response to Search-and-Rescue Overload. US National Park Service. Accessed June 10 2026. https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/articles\/parkscience33-1_99-107_malcolm_heinrich_3864.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2014.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","volume-title":"Backcountry Day Hikers at Grand Canyon National Park","author":"Backlund EA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Backlund EA, Stewart W, Schwartz Z, McDonald C. Backcountry Day Hikers at Grand Canyon National Park. Park Planning and Policy Lab, University of Illinois; 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"Mount Rainier Climbing Rangers. About Us. Accessed June 10 2026. https:\/\/mountrainierclimbing.blogspot.com\/p\/about.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"Mount Rainier National Park. Climbing. US National Park Service. Accessed June 10 2026. https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/mora\/planyourvisit\/climbing.htm."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"Bula F. Grouse grind introduces ranger patrol for inexperienced hikers. The Globe and Mail. 2015. Accessed March 2 2026. https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/news\/british-columbia\/grouse-grind-introduces-ranger-patrol-for-inexperienced-hikers\/article24688651"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","unstructured":"Parks Canada. Evaluation of the Visitor Safety Program. Accessed June 10 2026. http:\/\/parkscanadahistory.com\/publications\/evaluations\/visitor-safety-e-2020.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","unstructured":"AdventureSmart. Survive Outside. 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