{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T10:30:48Z","timestamp":1787135448335,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019363","name":"Texas Southern University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019363","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To study the ability of five kinin peptides to relax phenylephrine-contracted bovine posterior ciliary artery (PCA; major retinal blood supplier) and carbachol-contracted ciliary muscle (CM) (involved in accommodation and aqueous humor drainage)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Isolated bovine CM strips and PCA rings were mounted in small organ baths and perfused with oxygenated Krebs\u2019 solution containing 3 \u00b5M flurbiprofen. The tissues were then contracted with 10 \u00b5M carbachol (for CM) and 10 \u00b5M phenylephrine (for PCA), and the relaxant effects of kinins (0.3 nM to 10 \u00b5M) were determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All tested kinin peptides concentration-dependently relaxed precontracted CM and PCA in a biphasic manner. The concentrations of the peptides (BK [bradykinin], Hyp\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      -BK, Lys-BK, Met-Lys-BK, and Des-Arg\n                      <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                      -BK) yielding half-maximal relaxation (EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) of PCA via the high potency receptor site ranged between 0.1 nM and 9.0 nM (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 5\u20136). Precontracted PCA relaxation by the same kinins via the low potency receptor site occurred with EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      values of 39.5\u2013399 nM (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 5\u20136). In contrast, EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      values for these peptides relaxing the precontracted CM strips were 0.25\u201330 nM (high potency receptor site) and 100\u20133,000 nM (low potency receptor site) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3\u20136). Precontracted PCA rings were significantly (generally\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.005\u20130.05) more sensitive to the relaxant activity of the kinin peptides than precontracted CM strips.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The tissue relaxant agonist profile of the kinins in both precontracted CM strips and PCA rings, as judged by the 2-site-fit data, indicated the involvement of both B1- and B2-receptor subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10807683251405992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T08:53:22Z","timestamp":1767084802000},"page":"251-260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relaxation of Precontracted Ciliary Artery and Ciliary Muscle\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    by Kinin Peptides: Relevance to Retinal Blood Flow and Intraocular Pressure Regulation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Najam A.","family":"Sharif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore, Singapore."},{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom."},{"name":"Imperial College of Science and Technology, St. Mary\u2019s Campus, London, United Kingdom."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Eye-ACP Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhura","family":"Kulkarni-Chitnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthonia","family":"Okolie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saima D.","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Santen Inc., Emeryville, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya Fatou","family":"Njie-Mbye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas 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