{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T12:13:32Z","timestamp":1783512812680,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Glaucoma, a class of visual neuropathies, is caused by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, resulting in vision loss. Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, is typically used to treat glaucoma. To minimize its harmful effects, the current study aimed to develop an acetazolamide-loaded\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      gel by combining natural polymers, such as sodium alginate and xanthan gum (XG), and cold-processable synthetic polymer Aristoflex (AF).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Design Expert software was used to identify the optimized formulation by analyzing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      drug release study and viscosity data. The selected\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      gel was evaluated based on its physicochemical properties and other nonclinical evaluations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Optimized formulation yielded satisfactory results in physicochemical characterizations. The drug-excipient compatibility analysis revealed no drug\u2013polymer interactions.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      release studies showed release of up to 70% and 65%, respectively, in 6 h. The intraocular pressure of the rabbit decreased over a long period after applying the optimized gel compared with the marketed formulation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Therefore, the research provided a brief explanation that the combination of AF and XG can be utilized in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      gels owing to its high retention time and reduced harmful effects for ocular illnesses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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