{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T03:01:03Z","timestamp":1789959663992,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study investigated the effects of silver nitrate (AgNO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), a preservative in ophthalmic solution, alone and in combination with latanoprost (LP), on corneal epithelial barrier function and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) distribution in the corneal epithelium of rabbits.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twelve adult male albino New Zealand white rabbits (weighing 3.0\u20133.5 kg) were the subjects in this study. These mature rabbits received five instillations at 5-min intervals of AgNO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      (0.01, 0.1, or 1%), benzalkonium chloride (BAK 0.02%), LP (0.005%) alone, or LP combined with AgNO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      (0.01 or 1%). Corneal resistance (CR) was measured, and histological analyses were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      AgNO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      1% increased CR (108.2%); however, CR significantly decreased when combined with LP (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Marked CR reduction was observed in the eyes administered BAK and LP + AgNO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      1%. Immunostaining showed preserved ZO-1 in the eyes that received AgNO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      1% and LP + AgNO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      0.01%, whereas those that received BAK, LP alone, and LP + AgNO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      1% demonstrated disrupted ZO-1.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A high concentration of AgNO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      with LP exacerbated corneal epithelial barrier impairment, which highlights the importance of preservative concentration control in ophthalmic formulations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10807683261469380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:20:38Z","timestamp":1784092838000},"page":"579-586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Changes in Corneal Epithelial Barrier Function and Zonula Occludens-1 Distribution with Concomitant Use of Silver Nitrate and Latanoprost in Rabbits"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5593-0067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masamichi","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kiyoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayoshi","family":"Masuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1995.269.4.G467"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35067088"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00054-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2003.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6468(08)70024-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-198501000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-5103"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","first-page":"339","article-title":"Comparison of corneal and conjunctival changes after dosing of travoprost preserved with sofZia, latanoprost with 0.02% benzalkonium chloride, and preservative-free artificial tears","volume":"27","author":"Kahook MY","year":"2008","unstructured":"9.Kahook MY, , Noecker RJ. Comparison of corneal and conjunctival changes after dosing of travoprost preserved with sofZia, latanoprost with 0.02% benzalkonium chloride, and preservative-free artificial tears. 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