{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:36:30Z","timestamp":1792859790612,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India, Lockheed Martin and Tata Trusts","award":["IUSSTF\/IIGP 2.0\/University Challenge - 2019\/2019-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IUSSTF\/IIGP 2.0\/University Challenge - 2019\/2019-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036h6g940","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The ocular surface microenvironment (OSM), which is regulated by the lacrimal functional unit and the external environment, is highly dynamic and determines the health of the ocular surface (OS). In this review, we first highlight the importance of physiological parameters, namely, oxygen tension, osmolarity, and pH of the OSM on the health of the OS. The mechanisms leading to their imbalance and consequent dysfunctions of the ocular tissues are discussed next. Understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders for the development of treatment modalities requires tools for accurate, sensitive, and rapid measurement of the physiological parameters in a clinical setting. Thus, we review existing strategies for sensing OSM. The challenges have been analyzed, and insights into how recent development of microfluidic contact lens-based technology, nanotechnology, and other novel technologies enable OS biosensing, in general, are provided using examples. We also identify the need for accurate and sensitive\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    diagnosis of antigens, proteins, and other physiological factors of the OSM. Finally, we provide a future perspective on the development of fluorescence spectroscopy- and nanotechnology-based, wearable, point-of-care devices and techniques for the diagnosis of OSM.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10807683261497210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:09:10Z","timestamp":1792721350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biosensing Critical Markers of the Ocular Surface Microenvironment: Evolution and Frontiers"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5301-8843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debjyoti","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Bio-INvENT Lab, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0732-0341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudhir H.","family":"Ranganath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Bio-INvENT Lab, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2004.00325.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2007.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2479"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8563961"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-13-34"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30637-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTO.S142718"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2013.859274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70028-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2023.101850"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13302"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071398"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-8967(97)90017-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2016.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.364"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2024.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.949202"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","first-page":"350","article-title":"Tear secretion in dry eyes as assessed by objective fluorophotometry","volume":"1","author":"G\u00f6bbels M","year":"1992","unstructured":"20.G\u00f6bbels M, , Goebels G, , Breitbach R, et al. Tear secretion in dry eyes as assessed by objective fluorophotometry. Ger J Ophthalmol 1992;1(5):350\u2013353.","journal-title":"Ger J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S56783"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","volume-title":"Lacrimal gland, tear film, and dry eye syndromes 2: basic science and clinical relevance","author":"Sullivan DA","year":"2012","unstructured":"22.Sullivan DA, , Dartt DA, , Meneray MA. Lacrimal gland, tear film, and dry eye syndromes 2: basic science and clinical relevance. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2013.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1392"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Considerations in Contact Lens Use Under Adverse Conditions: Proceedings of a Symposium","author":"Mertz GW","year":"1991","unstructured":"25.Mertz GW. Hypoxia. In: Considerations in Contact Lens Use Under Adverse Conditions: Proceedings of a Symposium. National Academies Press; 1991, pp. 14\u201323."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","unstructured":"26.Lowther GE. Environmental gases and contact lens wear. In: Considerations in Contact Lens Use Under Adverse Conditions: Proceedings of a Symposium 1991. National Academies Press pp. 3\u201313."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1475"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31804f5a22"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Oxygen in the anterior chamber of the human eye","volume":"2","author":"Helbig H","year":"1993","unstructured":"29.Helbig H, , Hinz J, , Kellner U, et al. Oxygen in the anterior chamber of the human eye. Ger J Ophthalmol 1993;2(3):161\u2013164.","journal-title":"Ger J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.09.046"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"New physiological paradigms to assess the effect of lens oxygen transmissibility on corneal health","volume":"22","author":"Fatt I","year":"1996","unstructured":"31.Fatt I. New physiological paradigms to assess the effect of lens oxygen transmissibility on corneal health. Clao J 1996;22(1):25\u201329.","journal-title":"Clao J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e318157d7c9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110779"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13508"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00140068-200301001-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1705777"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013971"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688609000016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","volume-title":"Environmental Conditions and Tear Chemistry","author":"Flattau PE","year":"1991","unstructured":"41.Flattau PE, ; Conditions NRCWGoCLUUA. Environmental Conditions and Tear Chemistry. National Academies Press: Washington; DC; 1991."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.68.8.549"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(87)80016-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","first-page":"851","article-title":"Corneal epithelial and aqueous humor acidification during in vivo contact lens wear in rabbits","volume":"35","author":"Giasson C","year":"1994","unstructured":"44.Giasson C, , Bonanno JA. Corneal epithelial and aqueous humor acidification during in vivo contact lens wear in rabbits. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994;35(3):851\u2013861.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","first-page":"2778","article-title":"pH dependence of corneal oxygen consumption","volume":"39","author":"Harvitt DM","year":"1998","unstructured":"45.Harvitt DM, , Bonanno JA. pH dependence of corneal oxygen consumption. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998;39(13):2778\u20132781.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","first-page":"1354","article-title":"The etiology of transient endothelial changes in the human cornea","volume":"26","author":"Holden BA","year":"1985","unstructured":"46.Holden BA, , Williams L, , Zantos SG. The etiology of transient endothelial changes in the human cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985;26(10):1354\u20131359.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie071403b"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201500002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69748-2_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-196406000-00004"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Direct noninvasive measurement of tear oxygen tension beneath gas-permeable contact lenses in rabbits","volume":"37","author":"Harvitt DM","year":"1996","unstructured":"52.Harvitt DM, , Bonanno JA. Direct noninvasive measurement of tear oxygen tension beneath gas-permeable contact lenses in rabbits. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996;37(6):1026\u20131036.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","first-page":"371","article-title":"Estimation of human corneal oxygen consumption by noninvasive measurement of tear oxygen tension while wearing hydrogel lenses","volume":"43","author":"Bonanno JA","year":"2002","unstructured":"53.Bonanno JA, , Stickel T, , Nguyen T, et al. Estimation of human corneal oxygen consumption by noninvasive measurement of tear oxygen tension while wearing hydrogel lenses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002;43(2):371\u2013376.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90170-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5359-5_41"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-0484(98)80035-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0818"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.79.11.1042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70490-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","first-page":"1032","article-title":"A novel method to evaluate residence time in humans using a nonpenetrating fluorescent tracer","volume":"43","author":"Meadows DL","year":"2002","unstructured":"60.Meadows DL, , Paugh JR, , Joshi A, et al. A novel method to evaluate residence time in humans using a nonpenetrating fluorescent tracer. Investigative Ophthal Visual Sci 2002;43:1032\u20131039.","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthal Visual Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-7037(82)80012-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0170"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2417-5_83"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2011.00634.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1993.264.3.R469"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2010.484557"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(90)90209-D"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.16.5.482.7050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(90)90208-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31821de383"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_1","first-page":"1967","article-title":"Tear film osmolarity measurements using the TearLabTM osmometer in normal dogs and dogs with dry eye disease","volume":"55","author":"Sebbag L","year":"2014","unstructured":"71.Sebbag L, , Park SA, , Kass PH, et al. Tear film osmolarity measurements using the TearLabTM osmometer in normal dogs and dogs with dry eye disease. Investigative Ophthalmol Visual Sci 2014;55:1967.","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmol Visual Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2016.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318290496d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1542-0124(12)70299-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S127035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S135068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c6lc01450j"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.7b02046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nano.202200202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_1","first-page":"4167","article-title":"Digital frequency domain approach for pO2 sensing with a microfluorometer developed for transcorneal measurements","volume":"60","author":"Rankin D","year":"2019","unstructured":"83.Rankin D, , Akshata V, , Thanuja M, et al. Digital frequency domain approach for pO2 sensing with a microfluorometer developed for transcorneal measurements. Investigative Ophthal Visual Sci 2019;60:4167.","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthal Visual Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.186064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b02638"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12773"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2689"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2017.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2022.0044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08982104.2023.2172582"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00039K"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8AN02201A"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/17435889.3.4.579"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082651"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201400504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2006.8.312"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en16104032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c4lc01208a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b00829"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00290"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.1c00370"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-020-04688-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0LC00438C"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA00601J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b00222"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.12.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022636"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_113_1","first-page":"250","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokine expression on the ocular surface in the Botulium toxin B induced murine dry eye model","volume":"15","author":"Zhu L","year":"2009","unstructured":"112.Zhu L, , Shen J, , Zhang C, et al. Inflammatory cytokine expression on the ocular surface in the Botulium toxin B induced murine dry eye model. Mol Vis 2009;15:250\u2013258.","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b08644"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b08375"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2015.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.67.509"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04781-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21916-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-022-00211-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors14060140"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2176085"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac062160k"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1628311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50342-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.77399"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10807683261497210","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10807683261497210","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10807683261497210","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T15:47:44Z","timestamp":1792856864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10807683261497210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"references-count":126,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10807683261497210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10807683261497210","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-7683","1557-7732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-7683","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"article-number":"10807683261497210"}}