{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T20:04:21Z","timestamp":1789416261225,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673308800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004621","name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IR\/KMU\/95\/212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IR\/KMU\/95\/212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The molecular mechanisms of opium action with regard to coronary artery disease (CAD) have not yet been determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of opium on the expression of scavenger receptors including CD36, CD68, and CD9 tetraspanin in monocytes and the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1), interferon gamma (IFN-\u03b3), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide metabolites (NO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in CAD patients with and without opium addiction. This case\u2013control study was conducted on three groups: (1) opium-addicted CAD patients (CAD\u2009+\u2009OA, n\u2009=\u200930); (2) CAD patients with no opium addiction (CAD, n\u2009=\u200930); and (3) individuals without CAD and opium addiction as the control group (Ctrl, n\u2009=\u200917). The protein and mRNA levels of CD9, CD36, and CD68 were evaluated by the flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methods, respectively. The consumption of atorvastatin, aspirin, and glyceryl trinitrate was found be higher in the CAD groups compared with the control group. The plasma level of TNF-\u03b1 was significantly higher in the CAD\u2009+\u2009OA group than in the CAD and Ctrl groups (p\u2009=\u20090.001 and p\u2009=\u20090.005, respectively). MDA levels significantly increased in CAD and CAD\u2009+\u2009OA patients in comparison with the Ctrl group (p\u2009=\u20090.010 and p\u2009=\u20090.002, respectively). No significant differences were found in CD9, CD36, CD68, IFN-\u03b3, and NO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    between the three groups. The findings demonstrated that opium did not have a significant effect on the expression of CD36, CD68, and CD9 at gene and protein levels, but it might be involved in the development of CAD by inducing inflammation through other mechanisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10815589221145030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T05:07:21Z","timestamp":1673327241000},"page":"191-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Opium may affect coronary artery disease by inducing inflammation but not through the expression of CD9, CD36, and CD68"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4026-9779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Amin","family":"Momeni-Moghaddam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Gonabad University of Medical 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