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In remote areas, wherever expert microscopist is not available, timely diagnosis at initial level is not possible. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based microscopy may be a solution to this problem. A prospective observational multi-centric clinical trial to evaluate microscopic examination of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in sputum by the AI based system was done in three hospitals in Northern India. Sputum samples from 400 clinically suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were collected from three centres. Ziehl-Neelsen staining of smears was done. All the smears were observed by 3 microscopist and the AI based microscopy system. AI based microscopy was found to have a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of 89.25%, 92.15%, 75.45%, 96.94%, 91.53% respectively. AI based sputum microscopy has an acceptable degree of accuracy, PPV, NPV, specificity and sensitivity and thus may be used as a screening tool for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10815589231171402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T06:08:26Z","timestamp":1683612506000},"page":"716-721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A prospective observational multicentric clinical trial to evaluate microscopic examination of acid-fast bacilli in sputum by artificial intelligence-based microscopy system"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Prashant","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineeta","family":"Khare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Era\u2019s Lucknow Medical College & hospitals, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyotsna","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineeta","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Sonkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelly","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sevamob Ventures Limited, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankit","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sevamob Ventures Limited, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amita","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10815589231171402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52739-9"},{"key":"bibr2-10815589231171402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2058738419827174"},{"key":"bibr3-10815589231171402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0394632016638100"},{"key":"bibr4-10815589231171402","first-page":"607","volume":"32","author":"Rasool G","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"key":"bibr5-10815589231171402","first-page":"550","volume":"9","author":"Khare V","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res Publ"},{"key":"bibr6-10815589231171402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017171920"},{"key":"bibr7-10815589231171402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.7797"},{"key":"bibr8-10815589231171402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2017.18.4.570"},{"key":"bibr9-10815589231171402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.17224"},{"key":"bibr10-10815589231171402","volume-title":"Deep learning for medical image analysis","author":"Zhou SK","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr11-10815589231171402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17216"},{"key":"bibr12-10815589231171402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21056"},{"key":"bibr13-10815589231171402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.14585"},{"key":"bibr14-10815589231171402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45938"},{"key":"bibr15-10815589231171402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12474"},{"key":"bibr16-10815589231171402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017162326"},{"key":"bibr17-10815589231171402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017162664"},{"key":"bibr18-10815589231171402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017170706"},{"key":"bibr19-10815589231171402","unstructured":"An intuitive explanation of convolutional neural networks. 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