{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:23:42Z","timestamp":1777724622248,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004969","name":"Maryland State Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004969","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Galectin-9 (Gal-9) has a significant regulatory function in autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The objective of this study was to assess the blood levels of Galectin-9 in patients with SLE and investigate the correlation between the protein and disease activity. The study employed a case-control design involving 75 participants, aged between 25 and 55\u2009years, representing both sexes, all of whom had been diagnosed with SLE and were either in a quiescent or active phase of the disease. Three equal groups of participants were created. It was shown that Galectin-9 has 88% sensitivity and 80% specificity, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.901. With a computed positive predictive value of 81% and a negative predictive value of 87%, the total accuracy was 84%. In addition, a strong positive connection (R\u2009=\u20090.606) was found between anti-double strand DNA and Gal-9 levels, urea (R\u2009=\u20090.482), creatinine (R\u2009=\u20090.530), proteinuria (R\u2009=\u20090.488), albumin-to-creatinine ratio (R\u2009=\u20090.7), and SLEDAI (R\u2009=\u20090.815) and there is negative correlation with hemoglobin (R\u2009=\u2009\u22120.772), white blood cells (R\u2009=\u2009\u22120.849), platelets (R\u2009=\u2009\u22120.481), and complement 3 (R\u2009=\u2009\u22120.578). Compared to healthy persons, patients with SLE had considerably higher serum concentrations of Gal-9. Patients without active illness did not have elevated levels of Gal-9; those with active SLE did. Moreover, Gal-9 showed a robust association with the activity of SLE illness, indicating a possible involvement in the onset of SLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10815589251333729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T01:49:39Z","timestamp":1743644979000},"page":"55-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of serum level of galectin-9 in systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Tanta University hospitals, case-control research"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Aya Hamed Ahmed","family":"Abdelgalil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Radwa Mahmoud","family":"Elsharaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salwa Elmorsy","family":"Abd EIGhany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wesam Salah","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218272"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30546-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2021.104287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"85","article-title":"Indices to assess patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in clinical trials, long-term observational studies, and clinical care","volume":"32","author":"Castrej\u00f3n I","year":"2014","unstructured":"Castrej\u00f3n I, Tani C, Jolly M, et al. 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