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People with cystic fibrosis (CF) often suffer from chronic infection with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an opportunistic pathogen. However, the relative abundance of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    is not associated with the onset of increased pulmonary symptoms, known as a pulmonary exacerbation. We hypothesized that the cargo of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    EVs is different at times of baseline wellness and pulmonary exacerbation onset in persons with CF. This is the first study to characterize and compare\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    EVs at these two time points, using a novel series of steps to isolate the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    EVs directly from the sputum of persons with CF. Our study found a differential packaging of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    proteins at baseline wellness and pulmonary exacerbation, with six proteins being more frequently present in pulmonary exacerbation samples. In addition, we were able to demonstrate that the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    EVs isolated from the sputum of persons with CF at the time of pulmonary exacerbation induced an inflammatory response in CF human bronchial epithelial cells. These data, while preliminary, support the clinical relevance of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    EVs in influencing gene regulation and lung inflammation and immunity in persons with CF.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10815589251348918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T08:17:17Z","timestamp":1748593037000},"page":"120-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    extracellular vesicles affect gene regulation and lung inflammation and immunity in cystic fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Hahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s National Hospital (CNH), Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"Center of Genetic Medicine Research, Children\u2019s National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS), George Washington University (GWU), Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kylie I.","family":"Krohmaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Genetic Medicine Research, Children\u2019s National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, CNH, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aszia","family":"Burrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Genetic Medicine Research, Children\u2019s National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry and Analytical Pharmacology Shared Resource, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brennan","family":"Harmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Genetic Medicine Research, Children\u2019s National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Hoptay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Genetic Medicine Research, Children\u2019s National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Freishtat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Genetic Medicine Research, Children\u2019s National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS), George Washington University (GWU), Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Children\u2019s National Hospital (CNH), Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-0636"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2715"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2012.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004664"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.129847"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201203-0507OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-989OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21374"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.4.345"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-209279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"Marshall BC. 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