{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:57:40Z","timestamp":1791507460491,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangxi Educational Department Foundation","award":["GJJ2401813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ2401813"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Remnant cholesterol (RC) is a non-traditional lipid parameter that reflects residual risk of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between RC and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in the U.S. general population. Data were obtained from the 2013\u20132014 National Health and Nutrition Examination survey. The severity of AAC was assessed using the Kauppila scoring system. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations of RC with AAC score and severe AAC (score \u2265 5), respectively. In addition, subgroup analyses and mediated effects analysis were performed. A total of 1062 participants were enrolled for analysis. The results of regression analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between RC and both AAC score and severe AAC (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.23, 95% CI 0.04\u20130.42,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.017; OR\u2009=\u20091.44, 95% CI 1.12\u20131.85,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004, per 1-SD increase). Compared with the lowest RC tertile, the AAC score of tertile 3 significantly increased 0.66-unit (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.66, 95% CI 0.19\u20131.12,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.006), and the risk of severe AAC increased by 165% (OR\u2009=\u20092.65, 95% CI 1.35\u20135.18,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005). The results of subgroup analyses showed that no statistically significant interaction across variables. Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounted for 6.76% of the association between RC and AAC, whereas insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) explained 23.4% of this relationship, both showing significant indirect effects. RC was positively associated with AAC score, and higher RC levels were related to higher risk of severe AAC, with both T2DM and insulin resistance acting as mediators.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10815589261425968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T04:18:06Z","timestamp":1771647486000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association between remnant cholesterol and abdominal aortic calcification: Exploratory mediation analysis involving diabetes and insulin resistance in the general population"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"LiWei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huang","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huabin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-7355"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.5773"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1654"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2005.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.003144"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018180562"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000120708.59903.1B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-1124-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.303268"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.1026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs431"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00184"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-018-0418-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01348-w"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"3546","article-title":"Remnant cholesterol and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and incident diabetic nephropathy","volume":"106","author":"Yu D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu D, Wang Z, Zhang X, et al. Remnant cholesterol and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and incident diabetic nephropathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106(12): 3546\u20133554.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01400-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.306258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.0013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02405-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hypertension prevalence and control among adults: united states, 2011-2014","volume":"220","author":"Yoon SS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoon SS, Carroll MD, Fryar CD. Hypertension prevalence and control among adults: united states, 2011-2014. Nchs Data Brief 2015; 220: 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Nchs Data Brief"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001681"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.21-309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-021-01490-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0410-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-021-01765-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-021-01573-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-023-01915-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-1550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.122.014116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.11.1529"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.70.733"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01769.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-301464"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.3.3.187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.2013.34.3.213"},{"issue":"1415424","key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","article-title":"Gender-specific correlations between remnant cholesterol and severe abdominal aortic calcification in american adults","volume":"15","author":"Yan L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yan L, Hu X, Wu S, Zhao S. Gender-specific correlations between remnant cholesterol and severe abdominal aortic calcification in american adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15(1415424).","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0720"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1640-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-022-01833-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.11.1055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000117403.64398.53"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000093221"},{"issue":"53","key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","article-title":"Il-6 and sil-6r induces stat3-dependent differentiation of human vsmcs into osteoblast-like cells through jmjd2b-mediated histone demethylation of runx2","volume":"124","author":"Kurozumi A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kurozumi A, Nakano K, Yamagata K, Okada Y, Nakayamada S, Tanaka Y. Il-6 and sil-6r induces stat3-dependent differentiation of human vsmcs into osteoblast-like cells through jmjd2b-mediated histone demethylation of runx2. Bone 2019; 124(53\u201361).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab293"}],"container-title":["Journal of Investigative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10815589261425968","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10815589261425968","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10815589261425968","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:39:35Z","timestamp":1777459175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10815589261425968"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10815589261425968"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10815589261425968","relation":{},"ISSN":["1081-5589","1708-8267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1081-5589","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"article-number":"10815589261425968"}}