{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T17:47:26Z","timestamp":1782755246662,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIN13-413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIN13-413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK2CX002368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK2CX002368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SDN","award":["NIH\/NHLBI K24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NHLBI K24"]}]},{"name":"SDN","award":["HL161414-01A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL161414-01A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, in part through effects on traditional risk factors such as hypertension. People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have elevated cardiovascular risk and a unique cardiovascular risk factor profile compared to the general population. We assessed associations of cardiovascular risk factors with PTSD among men and women with CKD. In this cross-sectional study, we identified adults with incident non-dialysis CKD stages 3\u20135 from 2009 to 2020 in the Veterans Affairs healthcare system. Prevalent PTSD was defined by the use of at least two PTSD diagnosis codes within 12\u2009months prior to incident CKD. Of 1,443,878 Veterans in the cohort, PTSD was prevalent in 18.5% of women and 9.6% of men,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001. In multivariable models, younger age, Black race, hypertension, depression, anxiety, alcohol, and\/or substance use disorder, the use of antidepressant medications other than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and higher estimated glomerular filtration rate were associated with increased odds of PTSD in both men and women, with significant interactions by sex for each of these (interaction\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for each), except for anxiety (interaction\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.11). SSRI antidepressant use was associated with PTSD among men but not women. PTSD was differentially associated with cardiovascular risk factors among men and women with CKD. Further studies of the mechanisms of cardiovascular risk in people with CKD should stratify by sex.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10815589261460892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T12:14:56Z","timestamp":1780920896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex differences in the associations of cardiovascular risk factors with post-traumatic stress disorder among Veterans with chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Helena","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Ramsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Health Services Research and Development Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Health Services Research and Development Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sankar D.","family":"Navaneethan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Renal Section, Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Section of Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Chilcot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5469-367X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. Parker","family":"Gregg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Health Services Research and Development Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Renal Section, Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2020.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-023-01599-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.77"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-14-78"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.619"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03840510"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000000000000087"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.028332"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009334"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30377-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302342"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.0227"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.033032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.004572"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014492"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.2530"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.14140"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2023.100744"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02330-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-023-00995-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03500412"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00465.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab294"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002661"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","article-title":"KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"105","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2024; 105(4S): S117\u2013S314.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3703-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-024-00236-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21992"}],"container-title":["Journal of Investigative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10815589261460892","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10815589261460892","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10815589261460892","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T17:26:11Z","timestamp":1782753971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10815589261460892"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10815589261460892"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10815589261460892","relation":{},"ISSN":["1081-5589","1708-8267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1081-5589","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"article-number":"10815589261460892"}}