{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T15:29:28Z","timestamp":1782401368919,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,13]],"date-time":"2015-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food sci. technol. int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Everyday great amounts of food are produced, processed, transported by the food industry and consumed by us and these activities have direct impact on our health and the environment. The current food system has started causing strain on the Earth\u2019s natural resources and that is why sustainable food production systems are needed. This review article discusses the need for sustainable diets by exploring the interactions between the food industry, nutrition, health and the environment, which are strongly interconnected. The most common environmental issues in the food industry are related to food processing loss, food wastage and packaging; energy efficiency; transportation of foods; water consumption and waste management. Among the foods produced and processed, meat and meat products have the greatest environmental impact followed by the dairy products. Our eating patterns impact the environment, but the environment can impact dietary choices as well. The foods and drinks we consume may also affect our health. A healthy and sustainable diet would minimise the consumption of energy-dense and highly processed and packaged foods, include less animal-derived foods and more plant-based foods and encourage people not to exceed the recommended daily energy intake. Sustainable diets contribute to food and nutrition security, have low environmental impacts and promote healthy life for present and future generations. There is an urgent need to develop and promote strategies for sustainable diets; and governments, United Nations agencies, civil society, research organisations and the food industry should work together in achieving this.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1082013215572029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,13]],"date-time":"2015-02-13T23:26:08Z","timestamp":1423869968000},"page":"102-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Sustainable diets: The interaction between food industry, nutrition, health and the environment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ayten Aylin","family":"Alsaffar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, School of Applied Sciences, Ozyegin University, Cekmekoy, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1082013215572029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2013.01.025"},{"key":"bibr2-1082013215572029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed J and Alam T. (2014). Concept of sustainable packaging system and its development. In: Tiwari BK, Norton T and Holden NM (eds)\n                      Sustainable Food Processing\n                      . Oxford: John Wiley and Sons Ltd, pp. 339\u2013362.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118634301.ch14"},{"key":"bibr3-1082013215572029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980011002515"},{"key":"bibr4-1082013215572029","unstructured":"Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition. (2013).\n                      Double Pyramid: Healthy Food for All, Sustainable Food for the Environment\n                      . Available at: http:\/\/www.barillacfn.com\/en\/position-paper\/food-and-the-environment-diets-that-are-healthy-for-people-and-for-the-planet\/ (accessed 21 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr5-1082013215572029","unstructured":"Burlingame B. (2014).\n                      Sustainable Diets: Food for Healthy People and a Healthy Planet: Workshop Summary\n                      . 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(2011).\n                      Global Food Losses and Food Waste\u2009-\u2009Extent, Causes and Prevention\n                      . Available at: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/014\/mb060e\/mb060e.pdf (accessed 30 April 2014)."},{"key":"bibr32-1082013215572029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2011.09.005"},{"key":"bibr33-1082013215572029","unstructured":"Harvard School of Public Health. (2003).\n                      Close Adherence to a Traditional Mediterranean Diet Promotes Longevity\n                      . Available at: http:\/\/archive.sph.harvard.edu\/press-releases\/archives\/2003-releases\/press06252003.html (accessed 16 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr34-1082013215572029","unstructured":"Hertwich EG, van der Voet E, Suh S and Tukker A. (2010).\n                      Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Consumption and Production: Priority Products and Materials\n                      . Available at: http:\/\/www.greeningtheblue.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Assessing%20the%20environmental%20impacts%20of%20consumption%20and%20production.pdf (accessed 30 April 2014)."},{"key":"bibr35-1082013215572029","first-page":"274","volume-title":"Sustainable Diets and Biodiversity- Directions, Solutions for Policy, Research and Action","author":"Iannetta M","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr36-1082013215572029","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. (2014).\n                      Sustainable Diets: Food for Healthy People and a Healthy Planet: Workshop Summary\n                      . Available at: http:\/\/www.iom.edu\/Reports\/2014\/Sustainable-Diets-Food-for-Healthy-People-and-a-Healthy-Planet.aspx (accessed 30 April 2014)."},{"key":"bibr37-1082013215572029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2010.05.011"},{"key":"bibr38-1082013215572029","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Sustainable Diets and Biodiversity- Directions, Solutions for Policy, Research and Action","author":"Lairon D","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr39-1082013215572029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profoo.2011.09.260"},{"key":"bibr40-1082013215572029","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Tiwari BK, Norton T and Holden NM (eds) Sustainable Food Processing","author":"Martindale W","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr41-1082013215572029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980009005291"},{"key":"bibr42-1082013215572029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2013.11.007"},{"key":"bibr43-1082013215572029","unstructured":"National Health and Medical Research Council. (2013).\n                      Australian Dietary Guidelines\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/www.eatforhealth.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/the_guidelines\/n55_australian_dietary_guidelines.pdf (accessed 30 April 2014)."},{"key":"bibr44-1082013215572029","unstructured":"Nelson M, Abrams S, Brenna T, Hu F and Millen B. (2014).\n                      Dietary Guidelines Advisory Subcomittee Presentation: Food Sustainability and Food Safety\n                      . Available at: http:\/\/www.health.gov\/dietaryguidelines\/2015-BINDER\/meeting3\/docs\/subcommittees\/SC-5.pdf (accessed 18 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr45-1082013215572029","unstructured":"Nutrition Ecology International Center. (nd).\n                      Environmental Impact\n                      . Available at: http:\/\/www.nutritionecology.org\/panel1\/intro.html (accessed 11 March 2014)."},{"key":"bibr46-1082013215572029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781439823132"},{"key":"bibr47-1082013215572029","first-page":"401","volume-title":"Tiwari BK, Norton T and Holden NM (eds) Sustainable Food Processing","author":"Olmez H","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr48-1082013215572029","volume-title":"Sustainable Diets and Biodiversity- Directions, Solutions for Policy, Research and Action","author":"Padilla M","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr49-1082013215572029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0126"},{"key":"bibr50-1082013215572029","unstructured":"Peters CJ. (2014).\n                      Sustainable Diets: Food for Healthy People and a Healthy Planet: Workshop Summary\n                      . Available at: http:\/\/www.iom.edu\/Reports\/2014\/Sustainable-Diets-Food-for-Healthy-People-and-a-Healthy-Planet.aspx (accessed 30 April 2014)."},{"key":"bibr51-1082013215572029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-3010.2005.00467.x"},{"key":"bibr52-1082013215572029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.112763"},{"key":"bibr53-1082013215572029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15487733.2013.11908111"},{"key":"bibr54-1082013215572029","volume-title":"Sustainable Diets and Biodiversity- Directions, Solutions for Policy, Research and Action","author":"Remans R","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr55-1082013215572029","unstructured":"Renewable Waste Intelligence. (2014).\n                      Business Analysis of Anaerobic Digestion in the USA\n                      . Available at: http:\/\/2g-cenergy.com\/pdfs\/more-chp\/Biogas%20AD%20Market%20Report%20March%202013.pdf (accessed 19 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr56-1082013215572029","volume-title":"Sustainable Diets and Biodiversity- Directions, solutions for Policy, Research and Action","author":"Rossi D","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr57-1082013215572029","first-page":"39","volume-title":"In: Tiwari BK, Norton T and Holden NM (eds) Sustainable Food Processing","author":"Roy P","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr58-1082013215572029","first-page":"313","volume-title":"Tiwari BK, Norton T and Holden NM (eds) Sustainable Food Processing","author":"Sibbel A","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr59-1082013215572029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2014.02.010"},{"key":"bibr60-1082013215572029","unstructured":"Strang B. (2009).\n                      A United Call to Action on Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies\u2009-\u2009Global Report\n                      . 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Available at: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/013\/am027e\/am027e.pdf (accessed 30 April 2014).","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845937140.0000"},{"key":"bibr64-1082013215572029","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Department of Energy. (2014).\n                      Biogas Opportunities Roadmap.\n                      Available at: http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/climatechange\/Downloads\/Biogas-Roadmap.pdf (accessed 19 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr65-1082013215572029","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010).\n                      Dietary Guidelines for Americans\n                      . Available at: http:\/\/www.health.gov\/dietaryguidelines\/dga2010\/DietaryGuidelines2010.pdf (accessed 28 April 2014)."},{"key":"bibr66-1082013215572029","unstructured":"United Nations Environment Programme. 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(2013).\n                      Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data.\n                      Available at: http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/climatechange\/ghgemissions\/global.html (accessed 21 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr69-1082013215572029","unstructured":"US Environmental Protection Agency. (2014).\n                      Climate Change: Basic Information.\n                      Available at: http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/climatechange\/basics\/ (accessed 16 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr70-1082013215572029","first-page":"377","volume-title":"In: Tiwari BK, Norton T and Holden NM (eds) Sustainable Food Processing","author":"Wang L","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr71-1082013215572029","volume-title":"Understanding Nutrition","author":"Whitney E","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr72-1082013215572029","unstructured":"Wilkins JL. (2014).\n                      Sustainable Diets: Food for Healthy People and a Healthy Planet: Workshop Summary\n                      . Available at: http:\/\/www.iom.edu\/Reports\/2014\/Sustainable-Diets-Food-for-Healthy-People-and-a-Healthy-Planet.aspx (accessed 30 April 2014)."},{"key":"bibr73-1082013215572029","volume-title":"Our common future","author":"World Commission on Environment and Development","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr74-1082013215572029","unstructured":"World Food Programme. (2014).\n                      Who are the Hungry\n                      . Available at: http:\/\/www.wfp.org\/hunger\/who-are (accessed 4 March 2014)."},{"key":"bibr75-1082013215572029","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2008).\n                      2008-2013 Action Plan for the Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases.\n                      Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/nmh\/publications\/9789241597418\/en\/ (accessed 30 April 2014)."},{"key":"bibr76-1082013215572029","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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