{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:12:54Z","timestamp":1782346374536,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food sci. technol. int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vegetables, especially those eaten raw, have been implicated in several foodborne disease outbreaks. Since multiple vegetable matrices and hazards are involved, risk managers have to prioritize those with the greatest impact on public health to design control strategies. In this study, a scientific-based risk ranking of foodborne pathogens transmitted by leafy green vegetables in Argentina was performed. The prioritization process included hazard identification, evaluation criteria identification and definition, criteria weighting, expert survey design and selection and call for experts, hazard score calculation, hazard ranking and variation coefficient, and result analysis. Regression tree analysis determined four risk clusters: high ( Cryptosporidum spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Norovirus), moderate ( Giardia spp., Listeria spp., Shigella sonnei), low (Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Ascaris spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Salmonella spp., Rotavirus, Enterovirus) and very low ( Campylobacter jejuni, hepatitis A virus and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis). Diseases caused by Norovirus, Cryptosporidium spp. and T. gondii do not require mandatory notification. Neither viruses nor parasites are included as microbiological criteria for foodstuff. The lack of outbreak studies did not allow to accurately identify vegetables as a source of Norovirus disease. Information on listeriosis cases or outbreaks due to vegetable consumption was not available. Shigella spp. was the main responsible for bacterial diarrhea, but it has not been epidemiologically associated with vegetable consumption. The quality of the available information for all hazards studied was very low and low. The implementation of good practice guidelines throughout the entire vegetable production chain could prevent the presence of the identified hazards. The current study allowed the identification of vacancy areas and could help reinforce the need for performing epidemiological studies on foodborne diseases potentially associated with vegetable consumption in Argentina.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10820132231180640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T05:58:55Z","timestamp":1686549535000},"page":"680-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prioritization of vegetable-borne biological hazards in Argentina using a multicriteria decision analysis tool"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4823-4116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Brusa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, IGEVET \u2013 Instituto de Gen\u00e9tica Veterinaria \u201cIng. Fernando N. Dulout\u201d (UNLP \u2013 CONICET LA PLATA), La Plata, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, IGEVET \u2013 Instituto de Gen\u00e9tica Veterinaria \u201cIng. Fernando N. Dulout\u201d (UNLP \u2013 CONICET LA PLATA), La Plata, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan M.","family":"Oteiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia T\u00e9cnica a la Industria (CIATI), Expedicionarios del desierto 1310, Neuqu\u00e9n, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, IGEVET \u2013 Instituto de Gen\u00e9tica Veterinaria \u201cIng. Fernando N. Dulout\u201d (UNLP \u2013 CONICET LA PLATA), La Plata, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Barril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia T\u00e9cnica a la Industria (CIATI), Expedicionarios del desierto 1310, Neuqu\u00e9n, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8707-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo A.","family":"Leotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, IGEVET \u2013 Instituto de Gen\u00e9tica Veterinaria \u201cIng. Fernando N. Dulout\u201d (UNLP \u2013 CONICET LA PLATA), La Plata, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Signorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDICAL \u2013 Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Cadena L\u00e1ctea (CONICET SANTA FE \u2013 INTA), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815003040"},{"key":"bibr2-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Administraci\u00f3n Nacional de Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica (2018) Programa Federal de Vigilancia de Contaminantes Qu\u00edmicos y Biol\u00f3gicos, p.12."},{"key":"bibr3-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2011.04.028"},{"key":"bibr4-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-07642020000100013"},{"key":"bibr5-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182020000086"},{"key":"bibr6-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13356"},{"key":"bibr7-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2014.1821"},{"key":"bibr8-10820132231180640","first-page":"238","volume":"73","author":"Carral L","year":"2013","journal-title":"Medicina Buenos Aires"},{"key":"bibr9-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02667"},{"key":"bibr10-10820132231180640","first-page":"918","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"bibr11-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2016a) Multistate Outbreak of Listeriosis Linked to Frozen Vegetables (Final Update)."},{"key":"bibr12-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2016b) Multistate Outbreak of Listeriosis Linked to Packaged Salad Produced at Sprigfield, Ohio Dole Processing Facility (Final Update)."},{"key":"bibr13-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2018a) Multistate Outbreak of\n                      E. coli\n                      O157:H7 Infections Linked to Romaine Lettuce (Final Update)."},{"key":"bibr14-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2018b) Multistate Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing\n                      Escherichia coli\n                      O157:H7 Infections Linked to Leafy Greens (Final Update)."},{"key":"bibr15-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2018c) National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS)."},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr16-10820132231180640","first-page":"9","volume":"13","author":"Cerezuela F","year":"2017","journal-title":"iMedPub Journals"},{"key":"bibr17-10820132231180640","unstructured":"C\u00f3digo Alimentario Argentino (2021) Chapter XI, art. 925 bis, ter and 925 quater."},{"key":"bibr18-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.31053\/1853.0605.v77.n1.24070","volume":"77","author":"Coluccini ML","year":"2020","journal-title":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas de C\u00f3rdoba"},{"key":"bibr19-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Alimentos (CONAL) (2018) Directrices para aplicar en los establecimientos que elaboran y\/o comercializan alimentos a partir de la actividad agroalimentaria familiar."},{"key":"bibr20-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Alimentos (CONAL) (2020) Directrices para el fortalecimiento de las Verduler\u00edas y Fruter\u00edas."},{"key":"bibr21-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/15.2.130"},{"key":"bibr22-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.11.005"},{"key":"bibr23-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.108283"},{"key":"bibr24-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2017.11.001"},{"key":"bibr25-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2017.10.009"},{"key":"bibr26-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012000765"},{"key":"bibr27-10820132231180640","first-page":"257","volume":"81","author":"Durlach R","year":"2021","journal-title":"MEDICINA (Buenos Aires)"},{"key":"bibr28-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2012) Microbial risk assessment guideline pathogenic microorganisms with focus on food and water. EPA\/100\/J-12\/001."},{"key":"bibr29-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and United States Department of Agriculture\/ Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA\/FSIS) (2012) Microbial Risk assessment guideline Pathogenic microorganisms with focus on food and water."},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr30-10820132231180640","first-page":"2724","volume":"10","author":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)","year":"2012","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"bibr31-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.3939"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr32-10820132231180640","first-page":"5926","volume":"17","author":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr33-10820132231180640","first-page":"6406","volume":"19","author":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)","year":"2021","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"bibr34-10820132231180640","first-page":"154","volume":"14","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbiological Risk Assessment Series"},{"key":"bibr35-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) (2018) Ranking basado en m\u00faltiples criterios para la gesti\u00f3n de riesgos de par\u00e1sitos transmitidos por alimentos. Serie evaluaci\u00f3n de riesgos microbiol\u00f3gicos."},{"key":"bibr36-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2012.657808"},{"issue":"18","key":"bibr37-10820132231180640","first-page":"19861","volume":"16","author":"Gilsdorf A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"bibr38-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.09.021"},{"key":"bibr39-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.12.031"},{"key":"bibr40-10820132231180640","first-page":"1178","volume-title":"Microbiolog\u00eda biomedica","author":"Guardis M","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr41-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013965","volume":"5","author":"Havelaar AH","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bibr42-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815000047"},{"key":"bibr43-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Honorable Congreso de la Naci\u00f3n Argentina (1960) R\u00e9gimen legal de las enfermedades de notificaci\u00f3n obligatoria. Ley N\u00b0 15465."},{"key":"bibr44-10820132231180640","volume-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0","author":"IBM Corp"},{"key":"bibr45-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812001665"},{"key":"bibr46-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Interagency Food Safety Analytics Collaboration (IFSAC) (2018) Foodborne illness source attribution estimates for 2016 for\n                      Salmonella\n                      ,\n                      Escherichia coli\n                      O157,\n                      Listeria monocytogenes\n                      , and\n                      Campylobacter\n                      using multi-year outbreak surveillance data, United States."},{"key":"bibr47-10820132231180640","unstructured":"ISO (2016) 18744:2016. Microbiology of the food chain \u2013 Detection and enumeration of\n                      Cryptosporidium\n                      and\n                      Giardia\n                      in fresh leafy green vegetables and berry fruits."},{"key":"bibr48-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-75182021000200266"},{"key":"bibr49-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0325-7541(13)70024-5"},{"key":"bibr50-10820132231180640","first-page":"475","volume":"77","author":"Kaufer FJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"MEDICINA (Buenos Aires)"},{"key":"bibr51-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1082013219860925"},{"key":"bibr52-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2021.103816"},{"key":"bibr53-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-19-014"},{"key":"bibr54-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1414-8"},{"key":"bibr55-10820132231180640","first-page":"20624","volume":"18","author":"Launders N","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"bibr56-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-17-465"},{"key":"bibr57-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1693957"},{"key":"bibr58-10820132231180640","first-page":"175","volume":"1","author":"Loi M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Revista Argentina de Parasitolog\u00eda"},{"key":"bibr59-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-014-9150-8"},{"key":"bibr60-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2894328"},{"key":"bibr61-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2610.191418"},{"key":"bibr62-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1082013213497493"},{"key":"bibr63-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125955","volume":"10","author":"McKerr C","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bibr64-10820132231180640","first-page":"433","volume":"79","author":"Messina MT","year":"2019","journal-title":"MEDICINA (Buenos Aires)"},{"key":"bibr65-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Ministerio de Agroindustria (2018) Manual de Buenas Pr\u00e1cticas Agr\u00edcolas para Frutas y Hortalizas."},{"key":"bibr66-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Ministerio de Salud de la Naci\u00f3n Argentina (2012) Bolet\u00edn Integrado de Vigilancia N129."},{"key":"bibr67-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Ministerio de Salud de la Naci\u00f3n Argentina (2020) Bolet\u00edn Integrado de Vigilancia N\u00b0 481."},{"key":"bibr68-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Ministerio de Salud, Gobierno de Entre R\u00edos (2020) Bolet\u00edn Epidemiol\u00f3gico Entre R\u00edos."},{"key":"bibr69-10820132231180640","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"Minvielle M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas"},{"key":"bibr70-10820132231180640","volume-title":"Supermercados Toledo e Instituto Nacional de Epidemiolog\u00eda \u201cDr. Juan H. Jara\u201d, Mar del Plata, III Congreso Argentino de Microbiolog\u00eda de Alimentos","author":"Nario F","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr71-10820132231180640","volume":"41","author":"Navone GT","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica"},{"key":"bibr72-10820132231180640","volume":"7","author":"Ng V","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bibr73-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1082013217697851"},{"key":"bibr74-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Passadore ME (2009)\n                      Evaluaci\u00f3n de la calidad microbiol\u00f3gica en lechuga fresca\n                      . PhD Thesis, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina."},{"key":"bibr75-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.04.019"},{"key":"bibr76-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.05.044"},{"key":"bibr77-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.111201"},{"key":"bibr78-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Rea MJF, Fleitas A, Borda CE (2004) Existencia de par\u00e1sitos intestinales en hortalizas que se comercializan en la ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Comunicaciones Cient\u00edficas y tecnol\u00f3gicas 2004."},{"key":"bibr79-10820132231180640","volume":"7","author":"Rivera EMS","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control"},{"key":"bibr80-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.10.003"},{"key":"bibr81-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2018009"},{"key":"bibr82-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1082013217735472"},{"key":"bibr83-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Secretar\u00eda de Agricultura (2018) Bolet\u00edn informativo sobre Buenas Pr\u00e1cticas Agr\u00edcolas para Productos Fruti-Hort\u00edcolas Frescos."},{"key":"bibr84-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2508.180761"},{"key":"bibr85-10820132231180640","unstructured":"Sociedad Argentina de Infectolog\u00eda (2019) Norovirus."},{"key":"bibr86-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-18-316"},{"key":"bibr87-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1082013217735951"},{"key":"bibr88-10820132231180640","first-page":"1","volume":"710","author":"Van der Fels-Klerx HJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"EFSA Supporting Publication"},{"key":"bibr89-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2016.1141165"},{"key":"bibr90-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8125"},{"key":"bibr91-10820132231180640","volume-title":"WHO estimates of the Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr92-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1082013218793075"},{"key":"bibr93-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-17-253"},{"key":"bibr94-10820132231180640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1082013220921330"},{"key":"bibr95-10820132231180640","first-page":"21","volume":"6","author":"Zhu Q","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foods (Basel, Switzerland)"}],"container-title":["Food Science and Technology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10820132231180640","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10820132231180640","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10820132231180640","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:28:36Z","timestamp":1777444116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10820132231180640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10820132231180640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10820132231180640","relation":{},"ISSN":["1082-0132","1532-1738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1082-0132","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-1738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]}}}