{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:30:13Z","timestamp":1791203413505,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Amplification"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Much evidence suggests that the mental lexicon is organized into auditory neighborhoods, with words that are phonologically similar belonging to the same neighborhood. In this investigation, we considered the existence of visual neighborhoods. When a receiver watches someone speak a word, a neighborhood of homophenes (ie, words that look alike on the face, such as pat and bat) is activated. The simultaneous activation of a word's auditory and visual neighborhoods may, in part, account for why individuals recognize speech better in an auditory\u2013visual condition than what would be predicted by their performance in audition-only and vision-only conditions. A word test was administered to 3 groups of participants in audition-only, vision-only, and auditory\u2013visual conditions, in the presence of 6-talker babble. Test words with sparse visual neighborhoods were recognized more accurately than words with dense neighborhoods in a vision-only condition. Densities of both the acoustic and visual neighborhoods as well as their intersection overlap were predictive of how well the test words were recognized in the auditory\u2013visual condition. These results suggest that visual neighborhoods exist and that they affect auditory\u2013visual speech perception. One implication is that in the presence of dual sensory impairment, the boundaries of both acoustic and visual neighborhoods may shift, adversely affecting speech recognition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1084713807307409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,14]],"date-time":"2007-11-14T14:19:36Z","timestamp":1195049976000},"page":"233-241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Auditory and Visual Lexical Neighborhoods in Audiovisual Speech Perception"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nancy","family":"Tye-Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From CID at Washington University School of Medicine (NTM, BS) and Department of Psychology, Washington University in St Louis (MS), St Louis, Missouri."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Sommers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From CID at Washington University School of Medicine (NTM, BS) and Department of Psychology, Washington University in St Louis (MS), St Louis, Missouri."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Spehar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From CID at Washington University School of Medicine (NTM, BS) and Department of Psychology, Washington University in St Louis (MS), St Louis, Missouri."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1084713807307409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.422788"},{"key":"bibr2-1084713807307409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1907309"},{"key":"bibr3-1084713807307409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-200506000-00003"},{"key":"bibr4-1084713807307409","volume-title":"The Iowa Laser Videodisk Tests.","author":"Tyler 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