{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T06:59:41Z","timestamp":1783148381234,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Home Health Care Management &amp; Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is significant data on the adverse impact of COVID-19 on persons who were poor, minorities, had compromised physical or mental health, or other vulnerabilities prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant portion of the overall Medicare population has such vulnerabilities. The Medicare home health beneficiary population is even more vulnerable than the overall Medicare population based on gender, race, income level, living alone status, and number of chronic conditions. A literature review indicates there is only 1 study on the impact of COVID-19 in Medicare home health on home care workers and none on the impact on home health beneficiaries. The current study is a qualitative study based on interviews of a convenience sample of 48 home care nurses from 9 different home health agencies in New York City between April 1 and August 31, 2020. Six major themes emerged: need for social service supports increased; loneliness and depression increased among patients; physical and mental health conditions became exacerbated; substance use and abuse increased; evidence of domestic violence against patients increased; and there was a limited amount of staff and equipment to care for patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1084822321992380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T22:19:23Z","timestamp":1612909163000},"page":"130-136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pre-Existing Inequality: The Impact of COVID-19 on Medicare Home Health Beneficiaries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4526-2026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Cabin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1084822321992380","unstructured":"Long H, Van Dam A, Fowers A, Shapiro L. The covid-19 recession is the most unequal in modern U.S. history. The Washington Post. September 30, 2020. https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/graphics\/2020\/business\/coronavirus-recession-equality\/. Accessed November 1, 2020."},{"key":"bibr2-1084822321992380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.16938"},{"key":"bibr3-1084822321992380","unstructured":"Leopold L. COVID-19\u2019s Class War. The American Prospect. July 28, 2020. Accessed October 3, 2020. https:\/\/prospect.org\/coronavirus\/covid-19-class-war-death-rates-income\/"},{"key":"bibr4-1084822321992380","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID-19 Hospitalization and Death by Age. Updated August 18, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/covid-data\/investigations-discovery\/hospitalization-death-by-age.html. Accessed October 1, 2020."},{"key":"bibr5-1084822321992380","unstructured":"Pan Foundation. COVID-19: The Impact on Medicare Beneficiaries. May 2020. Author."},{"key":"bibr6-1084822321992380","volume-title":"COVID-19 and Affordability of Coverage and Care for Medicare Beneficiaries","author":"Davis K","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr7-1084822321992380","unstructured":"Koma W, Neuman T, Jacobson G. Medicare Beneficiaries\u2019 Financial Security Before the Coronavirus Pandemic. Kaiser Family Foundation; 2020. Accessed October 3, 2020. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicare\/issue-brief\/medicare-beneficiaries-financial-security-before-the-coronavirus-pandemic\/"},{"key":"bibr8-1084822321992380","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. CMS updates data on COVID-19 impacts on medicare beneficiaries. Accessed on July 28, 2020. https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/cms-updates-data-covid-19-impacts-medicare-beneficiaries"},{"key":"bibr9-1084822321992380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.3930"},{"key":"bibr10-1084822321992380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-5206."},{"key":"bibr11-1084822321992380","unstructured":"Van Houtven CH, Dawson WD. Medicare and home health: taking stock in the COVID-19 era. The Commonwealth Fund Issue Brief, October 2020. https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/publications\/issue-briefs\/2020\/oct\/medicare-home-health-taking-stock-covid-19-era. Accessed November 1, 2020."},{"key":"bibr12-1084822321992380","unstructured":"Avalere Health. Home Health Chartbook 2020: Prepared for the Alliance for Home Health Quality and Innovation, November 2020. https:\/\/ahhqi.org\/images\/uploads\/AHHQI_2020_Chartbook. Accessed October 30, 2020."},{"key":"bibr13-1084822321992380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.3900"},{"key":"bibr14-1084822321992380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26099\/w81v-7659"},{"key":"bibr15-1084822321992380","volume-title":"Report to Congress: Medicare Payment Policy","author":"Medicare Payment Advisory Commission","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr16-1084822321992380","unstructured":"Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Home Health Services, Chapter 7, Section 40. https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Regulations-and-Guidance\/Guidance\/Manuals\/Downloads\/bp102c07.pdf. Accessed November 15, 2020."},{"key":"bibr17-1084822321992380","volume-title":"Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory","author":"Corbin J","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr18-1084822321992380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1084822320923988"},{"key":"bibr19-1084822321992380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1084822319858349"},{"key":"bibr20-1084822321992380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26408066.2020.1723770"},{"key":"bibr21-1084822321992380","unstructured":"Home Healthcare Now. Intimate Partner Violence Against Older Women: What Home Healthcare Clinicians Should Know. 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