{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T14:10:01Z","timestamp":1784815801023,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["No. KJQN202500119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. KJQN202500119"]}]},{"name":"China Human Health Science and Technology Promotion Association Horizontal Project","award":["No. JKHY2023007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. JKHY2023007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radionuclide therapy (RNT) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show mechanistic synergy in colorectal cancer (CRC), but clinical evidence remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To summarize biological rationale, translational mechanisms, and current clinical evidence supporting RNT\u2013ICI combinations in CRC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Narrative translational review integrating preclinical studies, radionuclide therapy literature, and CRC radiotherapy\u2013ICI clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICIs are effective mainly in MSI-H\/dMMR CRC, whereas MSS\/pMMR tumors remain resistant. RNT\u2014particularly Y-90 radioembolization\u2014may induce immunogenic cell death, cGAS-STING activation, type I interferon signaling, and stromal remodeling. A pilot clinical study of Y-90 plus dual ICIs demonstrated feasibility and safety but limited efficacy. Evidence from EBRT\u2013ICI CRC studies supports radiation-induced immune priming but is not directly transferable to RNT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RNT\u2013ICI combinations are biologically plausible but not yet clinically validated. Future progress requires biomarker-driven, dosimetry-informed, and liver-dominant trial designs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10849785261466877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T08:06:40Z","timestamp":1784621200000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synergistic Mechanisms and Clinical Progress of Radionuclide Therapy Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengwei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7119-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dehai","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21820"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2017699"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-0557"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02848-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","volume-title":"FDA approves nivolumab with ipilimumab for unresectable or metastatic MSI-H\/dMMR colorectal cancer[EB\/OL]","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","year":"2025","unstructured":"5.U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 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