{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T07:11:50Z","timestamp":1784704310329,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Atten Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To seek evidence for the validity of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) as a behavioral syndrome in adults. Method: Two samples of adults, mental health outpatient clinic referrals ( N = 490) and community controls ( N = 900), completed a Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders\u2014referenced rating scale and a brief questionnaire (social, educational, occupational, and treatment variables). Participants were separated into four groups: ODD-only, ADHD-only, ODD+ADHD, and NONE. Results: In general, the three symptom groups were more severe than the NONE group; the ODD+ADHD and NONE groups were the most and least severe, respectively; and there were clear differences between the ODD-only and ADHD-only groups. The pattern of group differences was generally similar in both samples. Conclusion: Findings support the distinction between ADHD and ODD symptom presentations in adults, and the notion that the comorbid condition is a unique clinical entity, both of which are consistent with the child literature. Nevertheless, additional research with larger samples of patients will be necessary to establish ODD as a potential behavioral syndrome in adults. (J. of Att. Dis. 2007; 11(3) 374-383)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054706295609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,20]],"date-time":"2007-06-20T18:53:04Z","timestamp":1182365584000},"page":"374-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["ODD, ADHD, Versus ODD+ADHD in Clinic and Community Adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Gadow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York at Stony Brook,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Sprafkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York at Stony Brook"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayne","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York at Stony Brook"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith E.","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York at Stony Brook"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York at Stony Brook"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret D.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3002000"},{"issue":"3","key":"atypb3","first-page":"3","volume":"65","author":"Biederman, J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199609000-00017"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830210029003"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199712000-00019"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Conners' adult ADHD rating scales, technical ,anual. 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