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Children with ADHD were compared with those without ADHD for sociodemographic, risk factors, and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) symptom dimensions. Multivariate models estimated determinants of ADHD diagnosis. Results: Of the target sample, consents and complete information were obtained from 1,830 children (91.8%). The prevalence rate of ADHD was 5.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = [4.2, 6.2]). In contrast to controls, children with ADHD presented higher levels of symptoms in the CBCL dimensions. In multivariate analyses, the diagnosis of ADHD was significantly influenced by maternal educational status ( p = .019), income class ( p = .012), and prenatal exposure to tobacco ( p = .032). Conclusion: Prevalence and demographic features of ADHD in Brazil are similar to what has been reported worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054712446811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,5]],"date-time":"2012-06-05T06:08:42Z","timestamp":1338876522000},"page":"11-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["ADHD and Mental Health Status in Brazilian School-Age Children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Marco A.","family":"Arruda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Glia Institute, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00edcero Nardini","family":"Querido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo E.","family":"Bigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Investigator Studies Program and Scientific Education Group Office of the Chief Medical Officer\u2013Merck, PA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme V.","family":"Polanczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1087054712446811","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile","author":"Achenbach T. 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