{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T03:54:37Z","timestamp":1777780477281,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,29]],"date-time":"2013-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Atten Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This study examined the bifactor models of ADHD in three groups: adolescents from the general community ( n = 214), adults from the general community ( n = 366), and a clinic sample ( n = 245). Method: For the adolescent sample, mothers provided ratings of the ADHD symptoms, and their teachers provided ratings for Emotional Symptoms, Conduct Problems, Hyperactivity, Peer Problems, and Prosocial Behavior. For the adult sample, all adults completed self-ratings of the ADHD symptoms and measures for depression, anxiety, and stress. For the clinic-referred sample, mothers provided ratings of the ADHD symptoms, and they were diagnosed for ADHD, Conduct Disorder\/Oppositional Defiant Disorder, anxiety disorders, and depression disorders. Results: The findings for all samples supported the bifactor model, and there were differences in the way the general and specific factors correlated with the external variables. Conclusion: The findings support the validity of the bifactor model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054713480034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,29]],"date-time":"2013-03-29T23:08:49Z","timestamp":1364598529000},"page":"1307-1319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Validity of the ADHD Bifactor Model in General Community Samples of Adolescents and Adults, and a Clinic-Referred Sample of Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Rapson","family":"Gomez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alasdair","family":"Vance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rashika Miranjani","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1087054713480034","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr2-1087054713480034","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr3-1087054713480034","volume-title":"Australian Standard Classification of Occupations (ASCO)","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"1997","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr4-1087054713480034","volume-title":"Ancestry by country of birth of parents: Time series statistics (2001, 2006 Census Years)\u2014Australia","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr5-1087054713480034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0998-66"},{"key":"bibr6-1087054713480034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"bibr7-1087054713480034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579405050388"},{"key":"bibr8-1087054713480034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199802000-00011"},{"key":"bibr9-1087054713480034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054711416310"},{"key":"bibr10-1087054713480034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.15.1.3"},{"key":"bibr11-1087054713480034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00440"},{"key":"bibr12-1087054713480034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x"},{"key":"bibr13-1087054713480034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.58.1.78"},{"key":"bibr14-1087054713480034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.3.4.424"},{"key":"bibr15-1087054713480034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017862"},{"key":"bibr16-1087054713480034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.11.1673"},{"key":"bibr17-1087054713480034","volume-title":"Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales","author":"Lovibond S. 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