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Results: Preliminary analysis of the neuropsychological tasks revealed the presence of five factors: Speed of Processing, Inhibition, Planning, Execution, and Retrospective Memory. All children with ADHD were impaired in Execution (a measure describing the capacity to achieve a goal). ADHD-only children were specifically impaired in Planning, while ADHD + reading disorder (RD) children were impaired in Speed of Processing and Retrospective Memory. Children with ADHD + oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) did not show impairment in any other EF domains. The five EF processes correlated with the EF Questionnaire. Conclusion: The present study describes different cognitive profiles in children with ADHD with or without comorbid disorders using neuropsychological EF measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054714542000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]],"date-time":"2014-07-11T23:09:46Z","timestamp":1405120186000},"page":"455-467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["An Integrated Model of Executive Functioning is Helpful for Understanding ADHD and Associated Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Crippa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gian Marco","family":"Marzocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milan\u2013Bicocca, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Piroddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Niguarda Ca\u2019 Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dante","family":"Besana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Alessandria, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Giribone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Alessandria, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Vio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of San Don\u00e0 di Piave, Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dino","family":"Maschietto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of San Don\u00e0 di Piave, Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emiddio","family":"Fornaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Niguarda Ca\u2019 Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvana","family":"Repossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Laura","family":"Sora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1087054714542000","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr2-1087054714542000","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr3-1087054714542000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr4-1087054714542000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/chin.8.4.231.13509"},{"key":"bibr5-1087054714542000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2008.03.003"},{"key":"bibr6-1087054714542000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670903001927"},{"key":"bibr7-1087054714542000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.10.020"},{"key":"bibr8-1087054714542000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-891-9:337"},{"key":"bibr9-1087054714542000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040600899867"},{"key":"bibr10-1087054714542000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01811.x"},{"key":"bibr11-1087054714542000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617706060310"},{"key":"bibr12-1087054714542000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(95)00104-2"},{"key":"bibr13-1087054714542000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(99)00134-7"},{"key":"bibr14-1087054714542000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005176320912"},{"key":"bibr15-1087054714542000","volume-title":"Conners\u2019 Rating Scales\u2013Revised","author":"Conners C. 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