{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:25:30Z","timestamp":1787318730585,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,7]],"date-time":"2016-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Atten Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This study aims to develop an age-adjusted Child Behavior Checklist- (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF)-based method for the detection of deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) in preschoolers with ADHD and to assess its incidence, comorbidities, and consequences on interpersonal functioning. Method: Eighty-six ADHD preschoolers and 104 controls were assessed using CBCL, TRF\/1\u00bd to 5, Psychiatric Interview With Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment, Leiter-R, and ADHD rating scales. Results: Greatest sensitivity and specificity were obtained applying slightly lower threshold scores compared with school-age children (CBCL: Anxiety\/Depression [A\/D] \u2265 59, Attention Problems [AP] \u2265 60, Aggression Behaviors [AB] \u2265 58; TRF: A\/D \u2265 59, AP \u2265 60, AB \u2265 60). DESR was detected in 33\/86 (38.4%) and in 16\/54 (29.6%) ADHD preschoolers versus 2\/104 (1.9%) controls using CBCL and TRF, respectively. DESR is associated with significantly greater comorbidity and impairment in interpersonal functioning. Conclusion: Among ADHD preschoolers, DESR (a) requires lower CBCL and TRF threshold scores for detection, compared with school-age children, (b) displays similar incidence rates, and (c) is associated with enhanced psychiatric comorbidity and interpersonal difficulties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054715622015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,7]],"date-time":"2016-01-07T21:48:51Z","timestamp":1452203331000},"page":"887-899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation in Preschoolers With ADHD: Identification, Comorbidity, and Interpersonal Functioning"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Melegari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASL Roma A, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Manzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASL Roma A, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Vittori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRC Balbuzie, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio M.","family":"Persico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Messina, Messina, Italy"},{"name":"Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1087054715622015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00916317"},{"key":"bibr2-1087054715622015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.101.2.213"},{"key":"bibr3-1087054715622015","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms & profiles","author":"Achenbach T. 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