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Method: The present meta-analysis was undertaken to disentangle the behavioral phenotype of FASD and ADHD by quantitatively differentiating executive functioning differences between these two groups. The current meta-analysis reviews 15 studies comparing children and adolescents with FASD and ADHD to typically developing (TD) samples, on a variety of executive function measures. Results: Results indicate that when compared with TD samples, FASD and ADHD samples demonstrate significant executive function deficits ( d = 0.82 and d = 0.55, respectively). In addition, FASD samples experience significantly greater deficits when compared with ADHD samples ( d = 0.25). Results were moderated by IQ and socioeconomic status. Conclusion: These findings further our understanding of the cognitive differences between FASD and ADHD samples and have the potential to influence future basic research, assessment, and intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054715622016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,4]],"date-time":"2016-01-04T20:07:28Z","timestamp":1451938048000},"page":"1801-1815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Comparing Executive Functioning in Children and Adolescents With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and ADHD: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Khoury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Milligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1087054715622016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2816"},{"key":"bibr2-1087054715622016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00802.x"},{"key":"bibr3-1087054715622016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016673807158"},{"key":"bibr4-1087054715622016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326942dn2801_5"},{"key":"bibr5-1087054715622016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11689-009-9004-0"},{"key":"bibr6-1087054715622016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.05.048"},{"key":"bibr7-1087054715622016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.1.65"},{"key":"bibr8-1087054715622016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012233310098"},{"key":"bibr9-1087054715622016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701004172"},{"key":"bibr10-1087054715622016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2011.01093.x"},{"key":"bibr11-1087054715622016","author":"*Berry K. 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