{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T05:50:59Z","timestamp":1784008259866,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Atten Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the short-term neurological complications of Shigella spp. are well described, potential neuropsychiatric outcomes have not been studied yet. We investigated the association between early childhood shigellosis and subsequent ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective population-based cohort. Using a large Health Maintenance Organization database, the prevalence of ADHD was investigated among children aged 5\u201318\u2009years who underwent stool culture prior to the age of 3\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 52,761 children with a stool culture examined, 5,269 (9.98%) had Shigella-positive results. The rate of ADHD was 10.6% and 8.6% among children with Shigella-positive and Shigella-negative stool cultures, respectively ( p &lt; .001). Adjusted odds ratio for ADHD after controlling for gender and socioeconomic status was 1.21 (CI 1.13\u20131.29, p &lt; .001). The younger the child was during Shigella gastroenteritis, the higher was the association with ADHD ( p &lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early childhood shigellosis is associated with an increased rate of long-term ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054720940392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T08:58:20Z","timestamp":1595494700000},"page":"1791-1800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Early Childhood Shigellosis and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Cohort Study with a Prolonged Follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Eugene","family":"Merzon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leumit HMO, Tel-Aviv, Israel"},{"name":"Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuval","family":"Gutbir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"},{"name":"Hadassah Ein Karem Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shlomo","family":"Vinker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leumit HMO, Tel-Aviv, Israel"},{"name":"Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avivit","family":"Golan Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leumit HMO, Tel-Aviv, Israel"},{"name":"Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9329-0833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana","family":"Horwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"},{"name":"Mental Health Institute, Beer Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shai","family":"Ashkenazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ariel University, Ariel, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yair","family":"Sadaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"},{"name":"Mental Health Institute, Beer Sheva, 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