{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T04:12:25Z","timestamp":1777781545373,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Atten Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate patterns and trends of co-prescriptions of stimulants and sedatives within the last 6\u2009years at a tertiary care center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients 18\u2009years of age and older who were dispensed at least one stimulant prescription from an institutional pharmacy between 1\/1\/2015 and 7\/1\/2021 were included. Prescription data for any co-prescribed sedative\/hypnotic were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both the number of stimulant dispenses and the number of patients with stimulant dispenses increased significantly with yearly incidence rate ratios of 1.115 (95% CI [1.110, 1.119]) and 1.090 (95% CI [1.084, 1.096]), respectively. The number of patients with a stimulant dispensed who also had a benzodiazepine or \u201cZ-drug\u201d sedative-hypnotic dispensed at any point in the search timeframe increased significantly with incidence rate ratios of 1.077 and 1.092, respectively. The number of stimulant dispenses, number of patients with stimulant dispenses, and number of patients with a stimulant dispensed who also had both a benzodiazepine and Z-drug dispensed at any point in the search timeframe increased significantly more in Non-White than in White patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results confirm previous findings of increases in dispensing of stimulants over the past 6\u2009years and report increased polypharmacy of stimulants and sedative-hypnotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547231187167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T03:33:35Z","timestamp":1690428815000},"page":"1512-1519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trends in Stimulant and Sedative\/Hypnotic Dispensing: An Exploratory Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0178-5164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harris","family":"Liou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie T.","family":"Gentry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3836-9375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan G.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin C.","family":"Mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Staab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa A.","family":"Rummans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10870547231187167","unstructured":"Adderall and Adderall XR (amphetamines) Information | FDA. 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