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Additionally, in psychiatry, the translation of changes in symptom rating scales into meaningful impacts on participants\u2019 lives has been questioned. The Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for the Treatment of Inattention Symptoms in Adult Patients with ADHD (TUNED) trial demonstrated improved inattention symptoms, assessed using a clinician-administrated scale, after a 4-week treatment with daily home-based tDCS in adults with ADHD. Here, our primary objective was to evaluate the impact of tDCS in ADHD using a participant-centered and clinically relevant outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from the TUNED trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04003740), a randomized, double-blind, parallel, sham-controlled study testing tDCS in adults with ADHD. At the baseline assessment, all participants were instructed to select up to three goals they desired to achieve during the trial period. The goals had to be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. Our main outcome was the number of goals achieved at the end of the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 64 participants randomized, 55 completed the trial and were included in the analyses (26 [47%] inattentive presentation and 29 [53%] combined presentation; mean (\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) age, 38.1 [9.8] years; 40% women). In the active tDCS group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200925), eight participants (32%) achieved one goal, 5 (20%) achieved two goals, 3 (12%) achieved all three goals, and 9 (36%) achieved no goals. In the sham tDCS group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930), 3 (10%) participants achieved one goal, 3 (10%) achieved two goals, 3 (10%) achieved all three goals, and 21 (70%) achieved no goals. Ordinal logistic regression analyses showed that participants in the active tDCS group were more likely to achieve a higher number of goals compared to those in the tDCS sham group (OR\u2009=\u20093.05, 95% CI [1.06, 8.75],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.03]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrated that tDCS can significantly enhance the ability to achieve personal goals in adults with ADHD. By using a participant-centered approach, our findings not only support tDCS as a promising treatment for ADHD but also align with the growing emphasis on personalized medicine and clinically relevant, participant-reported outcomes in clinical research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547251341595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T03:39:00Z","timestamp":1750131540000},"page":"1070-1078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Enhancing Goal Achievement in Adults With ADHD: A Participant-Centered Evaluation of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation From the TUNED Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Mait\u00ea","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADHD Outpatient Program &amp; Development Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6495-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina Prietto","family":"Ferrazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADHD Outpatient Program &amp; Development Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta Francieli","family":"da Silva Bomber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADHD Outpatient Program &amp; Development Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2508-7961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Picon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADHD Outpatient Program &amp; Development Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego Luiz","family":"Rovaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Roberto Stefani","family":"Sanches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomedical Engineer, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danton","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomedical Engineer, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Russowsky","family":"Brunoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan A.","family":"Camprodon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolnei","family":"Caumo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claiton Henrique Dotto","family":"Bau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADHD Outpatient Program &amp; 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