{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:34:51Z","timestamp":1792787691108,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ontario Graduate Scholarship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Atten Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent research suggests that women make up a substantial proportion of adults with ADHD, but they are less likely to be identified, diagnosed, and adequately treated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A diverse group of 307 females (17\u201330\u2009years of age) was recruited for an online mixed methods study on mental health and coping in women with ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the first phase of the study, data from women reporting low and high levels of ADHD symptoms, including some previously diagnosed with ADHD, were collected. Quantitative results suggest that women with substantial ADHD symptoms experience more difficulty with emotional regulation, more distress, greater loneliness, and they are less resilient and less self-compassionate. To follow up, all women who reported a previous diagnosis of ADHD in the first phase were invited to participate in interviews exploring how they cope with high stress. A total of 15 women were interviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Qualitative results suggest that although participants described engaging with and regulating internal experiences as more effective, they were more likely to use avoidance coping, often thought to be less effective. Further, when participants reported less emotional insight\/awareness, they were also less likely to use internally focussed approach strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thus, the reduced self-awareness that is characteristic of ADHD may represent an additional challenge to effective coping. These results underline the importance of ongoing research and clinical attention for women with ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547261437893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T06:41:41Z","timestamp":1776235301000},"page":"1118-1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mental Health and Coping in Women With ADHD During the Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Nurgitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Health Sciences, ON, Canada"},{"name":"University of Windsor, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7082-3828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlin J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Windsor, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adler L. A. Faraone S. V. Sarocco P. Atkins N. Khachatryan A. (2019). Establishing US norms for the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) and characterising symptom burden among adults with self-reported ADHD. International Journal of Clinical Practice 73(1) e13260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/IJCP.13260","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. American Psychiatric Association Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attoe D. E. Climie E. A. (2023). Miss. Diagnosis: A systematic review of ADHD in adult women. Journal of Attention Disorders 27(7) 645\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10870547231161533\/ASSET\/19CA655E-B81B-49B0-A75D-D29D854A84BC\/ASSETS\/IMAGES\/LARGE\/10.1177_10870547231161533-FIG1.JPG","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547231161533"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bailie V. Linden M. A. (2024). Experiences of children and young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown restrictions. Disability and Rehabilitation 46(3) 489\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638288.2022.2164366;WEBSITE:WEBSITE:TFOPB;PAGEGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2022.2164366"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Psychology of loneliness","author":"Betts L.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Betts L., Bicknell A. (2011). Experiencing loneliness in childhood: Consequences for psychosocial adjustment, school adjustment, and academic performance. In Bevinn S. J. (Eds.), Psychology of loneliness(pp. 129-158). Nova Science Publisher."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butt D. A. Stephenson E. Kalia S. Moineddin R. Tu K. (2023). Patient visits and prescriptions for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder from 2017\u20132021: Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic in primary care. PLoS ONE 18(3) e0281307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0281307","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butzbach M. Fuermaier A. B. M. Aschenbrenner S. Weisbrod M. Tucha L. Tucha O. (2021). Metacognition in adult ADHD: Subjective and objective perspectives on self-awareness of cognitive functioning. Journal of Neural Transmission 128(7) 939\u2013955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00702-020-02293-W","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-020-02293-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carver C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol\u2019s too long: Consider the brief COPE. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 4(1) 92\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15327558IJBM0401_6","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327558ijbm0401_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carver C. S. Connor-Smith J. (2010). Personality and coping. Annual Review of Psychology 61 679\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/ANNUREV.PSYCH.093008.100352","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.093008.100352"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casadevall A. (2024). Pandemics past present and future: Progress and persistent risks. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 134(7) e179519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI179519","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI179519"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chhibber A. Watanabe A. H. Chaisai C. Veettil S. K. Chaiyakunapruk N. (2021). Global economic burden of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review. PharmacoEconomics 39(4) 399\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S40273-020-00998-0\/METRICS","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-020-00998-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chun C.-A. Moos R. H. Cronkite R. C. (2006). Culture: A fundamental context for the stress and coping paradigm. In Wong P. T. P. Wong L. C. J. (Eds.) Handbook of multicultural perspectives on stress and coping (pp. 29\u201353). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/0-387-26238-5_2","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-26238-5_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corbisiero S. M\u00f6rstedt B. Bitto H. Stieglitz R. D. (2017). Emotional dysregulation in adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\u2013validity predictability severity and comorbidity. Journal of Clinical Psychology 73(1) 99\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JCLP.22317;JOURNAL:JOURNAL:10974679;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE\/CHAPTER","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22317"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cosco T. D. Kaushal A. Richards M. Kuh D. Stafford M. (2016). Resilience measurement in later life: A systematic review and psychometric analysis. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 14(1) 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-016-0418-6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-016-0418-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coxe S. Sibley M. H. Becker S. P. (2021). Presenting problem profiles for adolescents with ADHD: Differences by sex age race and family adversity. Child and Adolescent Mental Health 26(3) 228\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/CAMH.12441","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Rossi P. Pretelli I. Menghini D. D\u2019aiello B. Di Vara S. Vicari S. (2022). Gender-related clinical characteristics in children and adolescents with ADHD. Journal of Clinical Medicine 11(2) 385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/JCM11020385","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11020385"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denckla C. A. Bornstein R. F. (2015). Toward a more nuanced conceptualization of interpersonal distancing: Differential relationships of adaptive and dysfunctional detachment to stress-based anxiety in college students. Personality and Individual Differences 82 148\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PAID.2015.03.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dragioti E. Li H. Tsitsas G. Lee K. H. Choi J. Kim J. Choi Y. J. Tsamakis K. Estrad\u00e9 A. Agorastos A. Vancampfort D. Tsiptsios D. Thompson T. Mosina A. Vakadaris G. Fusar-Poli P. Carvalho A. F. Correll C. U. Han Y. J. . . . Solmi M. (2022). A large-scale meta-analytic atlas of mental health problems prevalence during the COVID-19 early pandemic. Journal of Medical Virology 94(5) 1935\u20131949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JMV.27549;JOURNAL:JOURNAL:10969071;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27549"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elliott A. M. Burton C. D. Hannaford P. C. (2014). Resilience does matter: Evidence from a 10-year cohort record linkage study. BMJ Open 4(1) e003917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BMJOPEN-2013-003917","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003917"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erlingsson C. Brysiewicz P. (2017). A hands-on guide to doing content analysis. African Journal of Emergency Medicine 7(3) 93\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AFJEM.2017.08.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2017.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ewert C. Vater A. Schr\u00f6der-Ab\u00e9 M. (2021). Self-compassion and coping: A meta-analysis. Mindfulness 12(5) 1063\u20131077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12671-020-01563-8\/METRICS","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-020-01563-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fayyad J. Sampson N. A. Hwang I. Adamowski T. Aguilar-Gaxiola S. Al-Hamzawi A. Andrade L. H. S. G. Borges G. de Girolamo G. Florescu S. Gureje O. Haro J. M. Hu C. Karam E. G. Lee S. Navarro-Mateu F. O\u2019Neill S. Pennell B. E. Piazza M. . . . Wojtyniak B. (2016). The descriptive epidemiology of DSM-IV Adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders 9(1) 47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12402-016-0208-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-016-0208-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fugard A. J. B. Potts H. W. W. (2015). Supporting thinking on sample sizes for thematic analyses: A quantitative tool. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 18(6) 669\u2013684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13645579.2015.1005453","DOI":"10.1080\/13645579.2015.1005453"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gratz K. L. Roemer L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development Factor structure and initial validation of the difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 26(1) 41\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenberg L. S. Goldman R. N. (2018). Theory of practice of emotion-focused therapy. Greenberg L. S. Goldman R. N. (Eds.) Clinical handbook of emotion-focused therapy (pp. 61\u201389). American Psychological Association. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0000112-003","DOI":"10.1037\/0000112-003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","unstructured":"Gross J. J. (2014). Handbook of emotion regulation (Gross J. J. Ed.; 2nd ed.). Guilford. https:\/\/books.google.ca\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=_lg1EAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=gross+coping+emotion+regulation&ots=KIX_n0eYzn&sig=d1ODbzvmWL997zHP5kFIhvDZWxQ#v=onepage&q=gross%20coping%20emotion%20regulation&f=false"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hallion L. S. Steinman S. A. Tolin D. F. Diefenbach G. J. (2018). Psychometric properties of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS) and its short forms in adults with emotional disorders. Frontiers in Psychology 9 Article 289634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPSYG.2018.00539\/BIBTEX","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","unstructured":"Harris R. (2019). ACT made simple: An easy-to-read primer on acceptance and commitment therapy (2nd ed.). New Harbinger. https:\/\/books.google.ca\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=C1aRDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT16&dq=harris+2019+act&ots=Y1SeTGFq_h&sig=abbimcdO0vvWWXOEbnnCF7o8Ues#v=onepage&q=harris%202019%20act&f=false"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heerwegh D. Loosveldt G. (2008). Face-to-face versus web surveying in a high-internet-coverage population: Differences in response quality. Public Opinion Quarterly 72(5) 836\u2013846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/POQ\/NFN045","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfn045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hinshaw S. P. Nguyen P. T. O\u2019Grady S. M. Rosenthal E. A. (2022). Annual research review: Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in girls and women: Underrepresentation longitudinal processes and key directions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 63(4) 484\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/JCPP.13480;REQUESTEDJOURNAL:JOURNAL:14697610;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13480"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoge E. A. Bui E. Palitz S. A. Schwarz N. R. Owens M. E. Johnston J. M. Pollack M. H. Simon N. M. (2018). The effect of mindfulness meditation training on biological acute stress responses in generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Research 262 328\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmqvist J. Diaz Ruiz C. Pe\u00f1aloza L. (2020). Moments of luxury: Hedonic escapism as a luxury experience. Journal of Business Research 116 503\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JBUSRES.2019.10.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houghton S. Lawrence D. Hunter S. C. Zadow C. Kyron M. Paterson R. Carroll A. Christie R. Brandtman M. (2020). Loneliness accounts for the association between diagnosed attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and symptoms of depression among adolescents. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 42(2) 237\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10862-020-09791-X\/TABLES\/2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-020-09791-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh H. F. Shannon S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research 15(9) 1277\u20131288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049732305276687","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jong A. Odoi C. M. Lau J. J. Hollocks M. (2024). Loneliness in young people with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Attention Disorders 28(7) 1063\u20131081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10870547241229096\/ASSET\/F749721E-57C3-4556-B559-277B0F76A6BD\/ASSETS\/IMAGES\/LARGE\/10.1177_10870547241229096-FIG3.JPG","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547241229096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapsou M. Panayiotou G. Kokkinos C. M. Demetriou A. G. (2010). Dimensionality of coping: An empirical contribution to the construct validation of the Brief-COPE with a Greek-speaking sample. Journal of Health Psychology 15(2) 215\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1359105309346516;SUBPAGE:STRING:ABSTRACT;WEBSITE:WEBSITE:SAGE;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105309346516"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katzman M. A. Bilkey T. S. Chokka P. R. Fallu A. Klassen L. J. (2017). Adult ADHD and comorbid disorders: Clinical implications of a dimensional approach. BMC Psychiatry 17(1) 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12888-017-1463-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1463-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kessler R. C. Adler L. Ames M. Demler O. Faraone S. Hiripi E. Howes M. J. Jin R. Secnik K. Spencer T. Ustun T. B. Walters E. E. (2005). The World Health Organization adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS): A short screening scale for use in the general population. Psychological Medicine 35(2) 245\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291704002892","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002892"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Killgore W. D. S. Cloonan S. A. Taylor E. C. Dailey N. S. (2020). Loneliness: A signature mental health concern in the era of COVID-19. Psychiatry Research 290 Article 113117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PSYCHRES.2020.113117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kooij J. J. S. Bijlenga D. Salerno L. Jaeschke R. Bitter I. Bal\u00e1zs J. Thome J. Dom G. Kasper S. Nunes Filipe C. Stes S. Mohr P. Lepp\u00e4m\u00e4ki S. Casas Brugu\u00e9 M. Bobes J. Mccarthy J. M. Richarte V. Kjems Philipsen A. Pehlivanidis A. . . . Asherson P. (2019). Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD. European Psychiatry 56 14\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EURPSY.2018.11.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","unstructured":"Lazarus R. Folkman S. (1984). Stress appraisal and coping. https:\/\/books.google.ca\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=i-ySQQuUpr8C&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=Lazarus+%26+Folkman +1984&ots=DhHMpufgSc&sig=eRdtNKzurEy9OiYDZjB43P4xZ9s"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linehan M. M. Wilks C. R. (2015). The course and evolution of dialectical behavior therapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy 69(2) 97\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/APPI.PSYCHOTHERAPY.2015.69.2.97","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psychotherapy.2015.69.2.97"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu J. J. W. Ein N. Gervasio J. Battaion M. Reed M. Vickers K. (2020). Comprehensive meta-analysis of resilience interventions. Clinical Psychology Review 82 Article 101919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CPR.2020.101919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101919"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lovibond P. F. Lovibond S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy 33(3) 335\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu Z. A. Shi L. Que J. Y. Zheng Y. B. Wang Q. W. Liu W. J. Huang Y. T. Shi J. Bao Y. P. Lu L. (2022). Long-term psychological profile of general population following COVID-19 outbreak: Symptom trajectories and evolution of psychopathological network. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 31 e69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S2045796022000518","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796022000518"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luthar S. S. Cicchetti D. (2000). The construct of resilience: Implications for interventions and social policies. Development and Psychopathology 12(4) 857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579400004156","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400004156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mannell K. Meese J. (2022). From doom-scrolling to news avoidance: Limiting news as a wellbeing strategy during COVID lockdown. Journalism Studies 23(3) 302\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1461670X.2021.2021105;JOURNAL:JOURNAL:RJOS20;REQUESTEDJOURNAL:JOURNAL:RJOS20;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION","DOI":"10.1080\/1461670X.2021.2021105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merrill B. M. Molina B. S. G. Coxe S. Gnagy E. M. Altszuler A. R. Macphee F. L. Morrow A. S. Trucco E. M. Pelham W. E. (2020). Functional outcomes of young adults with childhood ADHD: A latent profile analysis. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 49(2) 215\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2018.1547968","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2018.1547968"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merzon E. Manor I. Rotem A. Schneider T. Vinker S. Golan Cohen A. Lauden A. Weizman A. Green I. (2021). ADHD as a risk factor for infection with covid-19. Journal of Attention Disorders 25(13) 1783\u20131790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1087054720943271\/ASSET\/E493C293-BDA2-4479-93EE-3685228FF820\/ASSETS\/IMAGES\/LARGE\/10.1177_1087054720943271-FIG1.JPG","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054720943271"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer B. J. Stevenson J. Sonuga-Barke E. J. S. (2020). Sex differences in the meaning of parent and teacher ratings of ADHD behaviors: An observational study. Journal of Attention Disorders 24(13) 1847\u20131856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1087054717723988\u2019","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054717723988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikkelsen K. Stojanovska L. Polenakovic M. Bosevski M. Apostolopoulos V. (2017). Exercise and mental health. Maturitas 106 48\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.09.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neff K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity 2(3) 223\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15298860309027","DOI":"10.1080\/15298860309027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neff K. D. (2016). The Self-Compassion Scale is a valid and theoretically coherent measure of self-compassion. Mindfulness 7(1) 264\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12671-015-0479-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-015-0479-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nilsson H. (2021). Mindfulness as a tool for ADHD drivers: A comparative study of higher levels of self-awareness. Journal of Disability and Religion 25(2) 225\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23312521.2020.1775755;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE\/CHAPTER","DOI":"10.1080\/23312521.2020.1775755"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pituch K. A. Stevens J. P. (2015). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences: Analyses with SAS and IBM\u2019s SPSS (6th ed. pp. 1\u2013793). Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315814919","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315814919"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Platania N. M. Starreveld D. E. J. Wynchank D. Beekman A. T. F. Kooij S. (2025). Bias by gender: Exploring gender-based differences in the endorsement of ADHD symptoms and impairment among adult patients. Frontiers in Global Women\u2019s Health 6 Article 1549028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FGWH.2025.1549028\/BIBTEX","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2025.1549028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ragnarsdottir B. Hannesdottir D. K. Halldorsson F. Njardvik U. (2018). Gender and age differences in social skills among children with ADHD: Peer problems and prosocial behavior. Child and Family Behavior Therapy 40(4) 263\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07317107.2018.1522152;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION","DOI":"10.1080\/07317107.2018.1522152"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ros R. Graziano P. A. (2018). Social functioning in children with or at risk for attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 47(2) 213\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2016.1266644;CTYPE:STRING:JOURNAL","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2016.1266644"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosello B. Berenguer C. Raga J. M. Baixauli I. Miranda A. (2020). Executive functions effortful control and emotional lability in adults with ADHD. Implications for functional outcomes. Psychiatry Research 293 Article 113375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PSYCHRES.2020.113375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113375"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russell D. W. (1996). UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability validity and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment 66(1) 20\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15327752JPA6601_2","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6601_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandelowski M. (1995). Sample size in qualitative research. Research in Nursing & Health 18(2) 179\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/NUR.4770180211","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770180211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shapka J. D. Domene J. F. Khan S. Yang L. M. (2016). Online versus in-person interviews with adolescents: An exploration of data equivalence. Computers in Human Behavior 58 361\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CHB.2016.01.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sim J. Saunders B. Waterfield J. Kingstone T. (2018). Can sample size in qualitative research be determined a priori? International Journal of Social Research Methodology 21(5) 619\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13645579.2018.1454643","DOI":"10.1080\/13645579.2018.1454643"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinclair S. J. Siefert C. J. Slavin-Mulford J. M. Stein M. B. Renna M. Blais M. A. (2012). Psychometric evaluation and normative data for the depression anxiety and stress scales-21 (DASS-21) in a nonclinical sample of U.S. adults. Evaluation and the Health Professions 35(3) 259\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0163278711424282","DOI":"10.1177\/0163278711424282"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith B. W. Dalen J. Wiggins K. Tooley E. Christopher P. Bernard J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 15(3) 194\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705500802222972","DOI":"10.1080\/10705500802222972"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanis\u0142awski K. (2019). The coping circumplex model: An integrative model of the structure of coping with stress. Frontiers in Psychology 10 Article 364624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPSYG.2019.00694\/XML\/NLM","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00694"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suchy Y. Niermeyer M. A. Franchow E. I. Ziemnik R. E. (2019). Naturally occurring expressive suppression is associated with lapses in instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling older adults. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 25(7) 718\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1355617719000328","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617719000328"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan K. Sinha G. Fairbanks K. Whitecotten L. Kim S. Steward P. Wang Y. Smith B. White J. (2018). How does gender relate to social skills? Exploring differences in social skills mindsets academics and behaviors among high-school freshmen students. Psychology in the Schools 55(4) 429\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/PITS.22118","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.22118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tweed R. G. White K. Lehman D. R. (2004). Culture stress and coping. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 35(6) 652\u2013668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022022104270109","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022104270109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Visser M. J. Peters R. M. Luman M. (2024). Understanding ADHD-related stigma: A gender analysis of young adult and key stakeholder perspectives. Neurodiversity 2 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/27546330241274664","DOI":"10.1177\/27546330241274664"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vorspan F. Mehtelli W. Dupuy G. Bloch V. L\u00e9pine J. P. (2015). Anxiety and substance use disorders: Co-occurrence and clinical issues. Current Psychiatry Reports 17(2) 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11920-014-0544-Y\/METRICS","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0544-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White M. D. Marsh E. E. (2006). Content analysis: A flexible methodology. Library Trends 55(1) 22\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/LIB.2006.0053","DOI":"10.1353\/lib.2006.0053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_1","unstructured":"Yilmaz M. Bulut Y. (2020). The effect of progressive breathing relaxation training on preoperative anxiety and surgical stress response. International Journal of Caring Sciences 13(13) 1287. https:\/\/avesis.cumhuriyet.edu.tr\/yayin\/665bc5e1-6bda-4707-9fde-691c685751c3\/the-effect-of-progressive-breathing-relaxation-training-on-preoperative-anxiety-and-surgical-stress-response\/document.pdf"}],"container-title":["Journal of Attention Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10870547261437893","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10870547261437893","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10870547261437893","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:20:04Z","timestamp":1792664404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10870547261437893"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10870547261437893"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10870547261437893","relation":{},"ISSN":["1087-0547","1557-1246"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1087-0547","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-1246","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]}}}