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However, despite these delays, there is no evidence of improved driving outcomes for these youth. Additionally, graduated driver\u2019s licensing laws typically terminate around the age of 18, giving some youth less structure prior to independently transitioning to the road. To date, no study has examined the cognitive and parenting factors that are related to delays in licensure for adolescents with ADHD within the context of an intervention (i.e., Supporting a Teen\u2019s Effective Entry to the Roadway; STEER). The current study utilized logistic regression analyses to determine if teen cognitive functioning, parenting, and the intervention were related to licensure status at 12-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline cognition (i.e., reaction time variability, working memory, inhibitory control), baseline parental monitoring, baseline negative parenting, and licensure status were collected on 172 adolescents with ADHD enrolled in a randomized, controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was a significant interaction between reaction time variability and the intervention on licensure status (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .007), and a marginal interaction between negative parenting and the intervention on licensure status (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .05). Those in the STEER group with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">more<\/jats:italic>\n                      reaction time variability were more likely to be licensed at the 12-month follow-up. Although not statistically significant, those in the STEER group tended to have higher rates of licensure when negative parenting was lower.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that the STEER intervention may have uniquely benefitted those adolescents who had more difficulties with reaction time prior to the intervention and, to some extent, provided additional support to parents that already had lower levels of negative parenting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547261470140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T10:52:50Z","timestamp":1784976770000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Examination of Factors Contributing to Delays in Obtaining a Driver\u2019s License for Youth With Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7881-0247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan L.","family":"Jusko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida International University, Miami, USA"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle G.","family":"Bubnik-Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Albino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magnolia Clubhouse, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Larry W.","family":"Hawk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo (SUNY), NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2203-0775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefany","family":"Coxe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida International University, Miami, USA"},{"name":"Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4934-191X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole K.","family":"Schatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida International University, Miami, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Hulme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca K.","family":"Vujnovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo (SUNY), NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin F.","family":"Hulme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo (SUNY), NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"William E.","family":"Pelham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida International University, Miami, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9029-8493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Fabiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida International University, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles","author":"Achenbach T.M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Achenbach T.M., Rescorla L.A. 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