{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:08:29Z","timestamp":1790874509358,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-MH-136425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-MH-136425"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R34-MH-128440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R34-MH-128440"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R34-MH-131994"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R34-MH-131994"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Atten Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Behavioral Parenting Training (BPT), the gold-standard treatment for preschool attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), does not consistently improve core symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity\/impulsivity. Pairing BPT with complementary preventative therapies targeting biological mechanisms, such as sleep dysregulation, may improve treatment outcomes. This qualitative study with key stakeholders aims to inform the development of parent-based interventions that incorporate behavioral sleep medicine (BSM) strategies to improve ADHD-related outcomes in preschoolers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three stakeholder groups participated in two rounds of semi-structured focus group sessions: parents\/caregivers of preschoolers with elevated ADHD symptoms (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 8), pediatricians (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 9), and pediatric behavioral health providers (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 6). Each session included a review of a potential integrated BPT-BSM treatment. Participants provided iterative feedback on its helpfulness, appeal, and accessibility and recommended changes. Group session transcripts were coded and thematically analyzed using inductive and deductive approaches.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dominant themes across stakeholders concerned treatment content, structure, process, materials, and individualization. Stakeholders highlighted the importance of a 24-hr approach for improving preschool ADHD symptoms and emphasized needs for specific, practical, and developmentally-appropriate strategies; appropriate session pacing\/time for troubleshooting skill use; sufficient support for caregiver skill implementation; validation of caregivers\u2019 experiences; easy-to-use handouts; digital materials; and treatment tailored to family culture, structure, and household environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stakeholder input is essential for developing acceptable, feasible, and effective preschool ADHD interventions that incorporate BSM strategies and are adapted for real-world settings. Future research should evaluate whether the identified themes contribute to increased feasibility, scalability, and effectiveness of parent-based sleep treatments for improving sleep, ADHD, and functional outcomes among preschoolers at-risk for ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547261489132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T09:40:26Z","timestamp":1790588426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrating Behavioral Sleep Medicine with Behavioral Parent Training for Preschool ADHD: Stakeholder Insights for an Early Childhood Intervention"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0264-6991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Lunsford-Avery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4509-1060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Eichner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9586-3823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John T.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi O.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0998-66"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-026-02997-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40675-026-00387-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054720978556"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2023.2253947"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547241309526"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566-024-09797-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-021-01252-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-016-0205-2"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","article-title":"Acute effects of parent stimulant medication versus behavioral parent training on mothers\u2019 ADHD, parenting behavior, and at-risk children","volume":"81","author":"Chronis-Tuscano A.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chronis-Tuscano A., French W., Strickland J., Sasser T., Gonzalez E. 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