{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T01:04:37Z","timestamp":1787619877985,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI172469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI172469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Patient Care and STDs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cisgender women face significant HIV risks in the United States yet retention in prevention research is challenging. The same factors that increase HIV vulnerability also create barriers to research participation. This qualitative study explored multilevel barriers and facilitators to retaining cisgender women with increased HIV prevention needs in research using the social ecological model (SEM). Semi-structured interviews were conducted from August 2023 to February 2024 with 114 participants across three groups: HIV-negative cisgender women with increased HIV prevention needs (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 34), cisgender women living with HIV (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 40), and HIV prevention\/treatment stakeholders (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 40). Participants were recruited nationally through convenience sampling via social media and organizations. Directed content analysis was used to identify retention factors across individual, environmental, intervention, and structural levels. Barriers included substance use affecting contact maintenance, concerns about study time commitments, frustrations with unclear study procedures, poor staff rapport, safety concerns around intimate partner violence, historical research mistrust, and systemic vulnerabilities like housing instability. Facilitators included creating affirming environments that fostered purpose, flexible scheduling with incremental compensation, clear study expectations and health education\/support, authentic staff relationships, discrete communication methods, transparent study procedures and approaches, virtual visit options, and availability of multiple contact methods. Findings corroborated a key paradox: those most vulnerable to HIV acquisition may be least likely to complete longitudinal studies due to structural barriers. Successful retention requires flexible approaches that address barriers at all SEM levels. These findings provide strategies for researchers to improve retention among cisgender women with increased HIV prevention needs, strengthening research representativeness and effectiveness.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10872914251379045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T09:20:12Z","timestamp":1758532812000},"page":"473-484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Forming Genuine Bonds: HIV Research Retention Strategies for Cisgender Women Vulnerable to HIV Acquisition"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1512-4642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria W.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0152-9347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Corcoran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4067-3309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandria L.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corilyn","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam-Colette","family":"Kempf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Schnall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA."},{"name":"Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy K.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA."},{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fast Facts: HIV and Women [Internet]. 2024 Mar 5 [cited 2024 Nov 10]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/data-research\/facts-stats\/women.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. U.S. Statistics [Internet]. 2024 Aug 15 [cited 2024 Nov 1]. Available from: https:\/\/www.hiv.gov\/hiv-basics\/overview\/data-and-trends\/statistics"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV in the Southern United States [Internet]. Atlanta: CDC; 2019 Sep [cited 2024 Nov 1]. 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