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We integrate findings from various literatures to gain insight into shared rejection experiences and their outcomes. Of most practical importance, we argue that groups can be expected to react with more hostility than individuals when rejected. Four existing models that account for how group processes might alter such reactions are examined: a need-threat model, a rejection-identification model, a multimotive model, and a dual attitudes model. Aspects of these models are then integrated into a unifying framework that is useful for understanding hostile reactions to group marginalization. Implications for natural groups such as terrorist cells, school cliques, racial and ethnic minorities, and gangs are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868313497999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,9]],"date-time":"2013-08-09T00:46:27Z","timestamp":1376009187000},"page":"355-370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Group Marginalization"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kevin R.","family":"Betts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verlin B.","family":"Hinsz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1088868313497999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327957pspr0204_2"},{"key":"bibr2-1088868313497999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(69)90032-8"},{"key":"bibr3-1088868313497999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135231"},{"key":"bibr4-1088868313497999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J087v40n03_04"},{"key":"bibr5-1088868313497999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2006.03.002"},{"key":"bibr6-1088868313497999","volume-title":"Self-efficacy: The exercise of control","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr7-1088868313497999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60211-7"},{"key":"bibr8-1088868313497999","volume-title":"The edge of violence: A radical approach to extremism","author":"Bartlett J.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr9-1088868313497999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1529-1006.01431"},{"key":"bibr10-1088868313497999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.88.4.589"},{"key":"bibr11-1088868313497999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.3.497"},{"key":"bibr12-1088868313497999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2009.09.002"},{"key":"bibr13-1088868313497999","unstructured":"Bennett J. 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